The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(9), С. 565 - 584

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2022

The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical clinical research gradually established that the can modulate antitumor immunity affect efficacy cancer immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Deciphering underlying mechanisms reveals reprogram tumor microenvironment (TME) by engaging innate and/or adaptive cells. Notably, one primary modes which is means metabolites, are small molecules could spread their initial location impact local systemic response promote ICI efficiency. Mechanistic exploration provides novel insights for developing rational microbiota-based therapeutic strategies manipulating microbiota, such as fecal transplantation (FMT), probiotics, engineered microbiomes, specific microbial augment advance age utilization precision medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2021

The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into body. Disruption increases permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Clinical reports suggested LGS contributes autoimmune diseases type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease. Furthermore, microbiota plays a critical role regulating host immunity; abnormalities microbial community, known dysbiosis, are observed patients with diseases. However, pathological links among LGS, not been fully elucidated. This review discusses current understanding how pathogenesis by modifying barrier.

Язык: Английский

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Butyrate producers, “The Sentinel of Gut”: Their intestinal significance with and beyond butyrate, and prospective use as microbial therapeutics

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Gut-microbial butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of significant physiological importance than the other major SCFAs (acetate and propionate). Most producers belong to Clostridium cluster phylum Firmicutes, such as Faecalibacterium , Roseburia Eubacterium Anaerostipes Coprococcus Subdoligranulum Anaerobutyricum . They metabolize carbohydrates via butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase pathway kinase terminal enzymes produce most butyrate. Although, in minor fractions, amino acids can also be utilized generate glutamate lysine pathways. Butyrogenic microbes play vital role various gut-associated metabolisms. Butyrate used by colonocytes energy, stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor maintain anaerobic environment gut, maintains gut barrier integrity regulating Claudin-1 synaptopodin expression, limits pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12), inhibits oncogenic pathways (Akt/ERK, Wnt, TGF-β signaling). Colonic shape microbial community secreting anti-microbial substances, cathelicidins, reuterin, β-defensin-1, homeostasis releasing anti-inflammatory molecules, IgA, vitamin B, molecules. Additionally, producers, anti-carcinogenic metabolites, shikimic precursor conjugated linoleic acid. In this review, we summarized significance butyrate, critically examined relevance contextualized their therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Polyphenols—Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1), С. 137 - 137

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2021

The present review summarizes the studies carried out on this topic in last five years. According to new definitions, among all compounds included group of prebiotics, polyphenols are probably most important secondary metabolites produced by plant kingdom. Many these types have low bioavailability, therefore reaching colon unaltered form. Once colon, interact with intestinal microbes bidirectionally modulating them and, consequently, releasing metabolites. Despite much research various metabolites, little is known about chemistry metabolic routes used different bacteria species. In context, aims investigate prebiotic effect preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting that consumption leads an increase beneficial bacteria, as well production valuable conclusion, there evidence supporting polyphenols, but further needed humans.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Язык: Английский

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Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(6), С. 1393 - 1407

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Engineering living therapeutics with synthetic biology

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(12), С. 941 - 960

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2022

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within body consisting of trillions microbes called gut microbiota. normal flora site many physiological functions such as enhancing host immunity, participating in nutrient absorption and protecting against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between microbiota organs intestines, lungs, brain, skin. Large evidence demonstrated, more than decade ago, that alteration key factor pathogenesis local systemic disorders. In this regard, deep understanding mechanisms involved symbiosis/dysbiosis crucial for clinical health field. We review most recent studies on involvement diseases. also elaborate different strategies used to manipulate prevention treatment future medicine strongly related quality our Targeting dysbiosis will be huge challenge.

Язык: Английский

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