Detection of Microplastic in Human Placenta and Meconium in a Clinical Setting

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(7), С. 921 - 921

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2021

Environmental pollution with microplastics (MPs) is a major and worldwide concern. Involuntary exposure to MPs by ingestion or inhalation unavoidable. The effects on human health are still under debate, while in animals, cellular MP translocation subsequent deleterious were shown. First reports indicate potential intrauterine MPs, yet readouts prone contamination. Method: To establish thorough protocol for the detection of placenta fetal meconium real-life clinical setting, pilot study was set up screen > 50 µm placental tissue sampled during two cesarean sections breech deliveries. After chemical digestion non-plastic material, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy used analyze presence 10 common types microplastic stool samples. Results: Human samples screened positive polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, which only latter one also detected as airborne fallout operating room—thus representing Conclusion: We found acquired from delivery. Critical evaluation contamination sources pivotal may guide future studies improve correct organ tissue. Studies investigating nano-sized plastics warranted.

Язык: Английский

---

Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Язык: Английский

---

Questioning the fetal microbiome illustrates pitfalls of low-biomass microbial studies

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 613(7945), С. 639 - 649

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Immune-microbe interactions early in life: A determinant of health and disease long term

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 376(6596), С. 945 - 950

Опубликована: Май 26, 2022

Research on newborn immunity has revealed the importance of cell ontogeny, feto-maternal tolerance, and transfer maternal antibodies. Less is known about postnatal adaptation to environmental exposures. The microbiome its for health have been extensively studied, but it remains unclear how mutually beneficial relationships between commensal microbes human cells first arise are maintained throughout life. Such immune-microbe mutualism, perturbations thereof, most likely a root cause increasing incidences immune-mediated disorders such as allergies autoimmunity across many industrialized nations during past century. In this Review, I discuss our current understanding immune development propose that mismatches among ancestral, early-life, adult environments can explain interactions, dysregulation, increased risks diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy

Gut, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 72(4), С. 772 - 786

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and used as a biomarker target in disease prevention intervention. Currently, the vital role of pregnant women newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss interplay corresponding immune mechanism between mothers their offspring during perinatal period. We aim present comprehensive picture microbial transmission potential imprinting before after delivery. addition, possibility utero colonisation pregnancy, which highly debated recent studies, highlight importance infant development first 3 years life. This holistic view infants will refine our current understanding pregnancy complications well early life greatly facilitate microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis treatment mother-infant-related diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Development of Gut Microbiota in the First 1000 Days after Birth and Potential Interventions

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(16), С. 3647 - 3647

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2023

The first 1000 days after birth represent a critical window for gut microbiome development, which is essential immune system maturation and overall health. undergoes major changes during this period due to shifts in diet environment. Disruptions the microbiota early life can have lasting health effects, including increased risks of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, neurological obesity. Maternal environmental factors pregnancy infancy shape infant microbiota. In article, we will review how maintaining healthy important long-term Furthermore, briefly include fungal colonization its effects on host function, are discussed as part ecosystem. Additionally, describe potential approaches such hydrogels enriched with prebiotics probiotics, transplantation (GMT) pregnancy, age-specific microbial ecosystem therapeutics, CRISPR therapies targeting hold advancing research development. Nevertheless, thorough evaluation their safety, effectiveness, impacts crucial prior application clinical approach. article emphasizes need continued optimize development through targeted early-life interventions.

Язык: Английский

---

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetic Alterations in Metabolic Diseases

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 985 - 985

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024

Gut dysbiosis, resulting from an imbalance in the gut microbiome, can induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to inflammation, DNA damage, activation immune system, and epigenetic alterations critical genes involved metabolic pathways. dysbiosis-induced inflammation also disrupt barrier integrity increase intestinal permeability, which allows gut-derived toxic products enter liver systemic circulation, further triggering oxidative stress, associated with diseases. However, specific metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, vitamins, modulate stress system through mechanisms, thereby improving function. microbiota diet-induced diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, transfer next generation, involving mechanisms. In this review, we will introduce key that, along dysbiosis ROS, are engaged developing Finally, discuss potential therapeutic interventions dietary modifications, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation, may reduce syndrome by altering alterations. summary, review highlights crucial role pathogenesis a particular focus on (including histone methylomics, RNA interference) that prevent or improve

Язык: Английский

---

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(7), С. 1620 - 1620

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental with multifactorial etiology, characterized by impairment in two main functional areas: (1) communication and social interactions, (2) skills, interests activities. ASD patients often suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms associated dysbiotic states “leaky gut.” A key role the pathogenesis of has been attributed to gut microbiota, as it influences central nervous system development neuropsychological homeostasis through microbiota–gut–brain axis. state dysbiosis reduction Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio Bacteroidetes level other imbalances common ASD. In recent decades, many authors have tried study identify microbial signature vivo ex studies. this regard, advent metabolomics also great help. Based on these data, several therapeutic strategies, primarily use probiotics, are investigated improve modulation microbiota. However, although results promising, heterogeneity studies precludes concrete evidence. The aim review explore intestinal barrier dysfunction, gut–brain axis microbiota alterations possible probiotic supplementation patients.

Язык: Английский

---

A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Gut–X axis

iMeta, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Recent advances in understanding the modulatory functions of gut and microbiota on human diseases facilitated our focused attention contribution to pathophysiological alterations many extraintestinal organs, including liver, heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, bone, skin, reproductive, endocrine systems. In this review, we applied “gut–X axis” concept describe linkages between other organs discussed latest findings related axis,” underlying mechanisms potential clinical intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

---