Trends in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
32(3), С. 252 - 269
Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2023
The
provision
of
probiotics
benefits
the
health
a
wide
range
organisms,
from
humans
to
animals
and
plants.
Probiotics
can
enhance
stress
resilience
endangered
many
which
are
critically
threatened
by
anthropogenic
impacts.
use
so-called
'probiotics
for
wildlife'
is
nascent
application,
field
needs
reflect
on
standards
its
development,
testing,
validation,
risk
assessment,
deployment.
Here,
we
identify
main
challenges
this
emerging
intervention
provide
roadmap
validate
effectiveness
wildlife
probiotics.
We
cover
essential
inert
negative
controls
in
trials
investigation
probiotic
mechanisms
action.
also
suggest
alternative
microbial
therapies
that
could
be
tested
parallel
with
application.
Our
recommendations
align
approaches
used
humans,
aquaculture,
plants
concept
wildlife.
Increasing
antimicrobial
resistance
rates
have
revitalized
bacteriophage
(phage)
research,
the
natural
predators
of
bacteria
discovered
over
100
years
ago.
In
order
to
use
phages
therapeutically,
they
should
(1)
preferably
be
lytic,
(2)
kill
bacterial
host
efficiently,
and
(3)
fully
characterized
exclude
side
effects.
Developing
therapeutic
takes
a
coordinated
effort
multiple
stakeholders.
Herein,
we
review
state
art
in
phage
therapy,
covering
biological
mechanisms,
clinical
applications,
remaining
challenges,
future
directions
involving
naturally
occurring
genetically
modified
or
synthetic
phages.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
123(1), С. 31 - 72
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022
The
human
microbiome
is
composed
of
a
collection
dynamic
microbial
communities
that
inhabit
various
anatomical
locations
in
the
body.
Accordingly,
coevolution
with
host
has
resulted
these
playing
profound
role
promoting
health.
Consequently,
perturbations
can
cause
or
exacerbate
several
diseases.
In
this
Review,
we
present
our
current
understanding
relationship
between
health
and
disease
development,
focusing
on
microbiomes
found
across
digestive,
respiratory,
urinary,
reproductive
systems
as
well
skin.
We
further
discuss
strategies
by
which
composition
function
be
modulated
to
exert
therapeutic
effect
host.
Finally,
examine
technologies
such
multiomics
approaches
cellular
reprogramming
microbes
enable
significant
advancements
research
engineering.
Although
there
is
now
an
extensive
understanding
of
the
diversity
microbial
life
on
earth
through
culture-independent
metagenomic
DNA
sequence
analyses,
isolation
and
cultivation
microbes
remains
critical
to
directly
study
them
confirm
their
metabolic
physiological
functions,
ecological
roles.
The
majority
environmental
are
as
yet
uncultured
however;
therefore,
bringing
these
rare
or
poorly
characterized
groups
into
culture
a
priority
further
understand
microbiome
functions.
Moreover,
cultivated
isolates
may
find
utility
in
range
applications,
such
new
probiotics,
biocontrol
agents,
agents
for
industrial
processes.
growing
abundance
meta-transcriptomic
information
from
wide
environments
provides
more
opportunities
guide
interest.
In
this
paper,
we
discuss
successful
methodologies
applications
that
have
underpinned
recent
metagenome-guided
microbe
efforts.
These
approaches
include
determining
specific
conditions
enrich
taxa
interest,
complex
strategies
specifically
target
capture
species
antibody
engineering
genome
editing
strategies.
With
greater
degree
genomic
available
uncultivated
members,
via
metagenome-assembled
genomes,
theoretical
requirements
will
enable
possibilities
ultimately
gain
comprehensive
microbiomes.
Video
Abstract.
Modern
agriculture
faces
several
challenges
due
to
climate
change,
limited
resources,
and
land
degradation.
Plant-associated
soil
microbes
harbor
beneficial
plant
growth-promoting
(PGP)
traits
that
can
be
used
address
some
of
these
challenges.
These
are
often
formulated
as
inoculants
for
many
crops.
However,
inconsistent
productivity
a
problem
since
the
performance
individual
inoculants/microbes
vary
with
environmental
conditions.
Over
past
decade,
ability
utilize
Next
Generation
Sequencing
(NGS)
approaches
has
led
an
explosion
information
regarding
associated
microbiomes.
Although
this
type
work
been
predominantly
sequence-based
descriptive
in
nature,
increasingly
it
is
moving
towards
microbiome
functionality.
The
synthetic
microbial
communities
(SynCom)
approach
emerging
technique
involves
co-culturing
multiple
taxa
under
well-defined
conditions
mimic
structure
function
microbiome.
SynCom
hopes
increase
community
stability
through
synergistic
interactions
between
its
members.
This
review
will
focus
on
plant-soil-microbiome
how
they
have
potential
improve
crop
production.
Current
formulation
discussed,
practical
application
considered.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
185(17), С. 3263 - 3277.e15
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022
Live
bacterial
therapeutics
(LBTs)
could
reverse
diseases
by
engrafting
in
the
gut
and
providing
persistent
beneficial
functions
host.
However,
attempts
to
functionally
manipulate
microbiome
of
conventionally
raised
(CR)
hosts
have
been
unsuccessful
because
engineered
microbial
organisms
(i.e.,
chassis)
difficulty
colonizing
hostile
luminal
environment.
In
this
proof-of-concept
study,
we
use
native
bacteria
as
chassis
for
transgene
delivery
impact
CR
host
physiology.
Native
Escherichia
coli
isolated
from
stool
cultures
mice
were
modified
express
functional
genes.
The
reintroduction
these
strains
induces
perpetual
engraftment
intestine.
addition,
E.
can
induce
changes
that
affect
physiology
pathology
months
after
administration.
Thus,
using
"knock
in"
specific
allows
mechanistic
studies
activities
enables
LBT
with
curative
intent.
