Antimicrobial Resistance in the Global Health Network: Known Unknowns and Challenges for Efficient Responses in the 21st Century

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 1050 - 1050

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the Global Health challenges 21st century. The inclusion AMR on global map parallels scientific, technological, and organizational progress healthcare system socioeconomic changes last 100 years. Available knowledge about has mostly come from large institutions in high-income countries scattered studies across various fields, focused patient safety (infectious diseases), transmission pathways pathogen reservoirs (molecular epidemiology), extent problem at a population level (public health), their management cost (health economics), cultural issues (community psychology), events associated with historical periods (history science). However, there little dialogue between aspects that facilitate development, spread, evolution stakeholders (patients, clinicians, public health professionals, scientists, economic sectors, funding agencies). This study consists four complementary sections. first reviews factors have contributed to building current Healthcare system, scientific framework which traditionally been approached such novel approaching fourth globalization scenario. second discusses need reframe contexts. Given implementation policies guidelines are greatly influenced by information surveillance systems, third section, we review

Язык: Английский

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Metagenomics: An Effective Approach for Exploring Microbial Diversity and Functions

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(11), С. 2140 - 2140

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Various fields have been identified in the "omics" era, such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and metagenomics. Among these, metagenomics has enabled a significant increase discoveries related to microbial world. Newly discovered microbiomes different ecologies provide meaningful information on diversity functions of microorganisms Earth. Therefore, results metagenomic studies new microbe-based applications human health, agriculture, food industry, among others. This review summarizes fundamental procedures recent advances bioinformatic tools. It also explores up-to-date study, plant research, environmental sciences, other fields. Finally, is powerful tool for studying world, it still numerous that are currently hidden awaiting discovery. this discusses future perspectives

Язык: Английский

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Surface-modified bacteria: synthesis, functionalization and biomedical applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(19), С. 6617 - 6643

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

This review summarizes the strategies for surface chemical modification of bacteria and advanced functions achieved by modifying specific components highlights applications modified bioimaging, diagnosis, therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Detection and characterisation of a sixth Candida auris clade in Singapore: a genomic and phenotypic study

The Lancet Microbe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(9), С. 100878 - 100878

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

BackgroundThe emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris poses a serious threat to global public health due its worldwide distribution, multidrug resistance, high transmissibility, propensity cause outbreaks, and mortality. We aimed characterise three unusual C isolates detected in Singapore, determine whether they constitute novel clade distinct from all previously known clades (I–V).MethodsIn this genotypic phenotypic study, we characterised clinical isolates, which were cultured epidemiologically unlinked inpatients at large tertiary hospital Singapore. The index isolate was April, 2023. performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) obtained hybrid assemblies of these isolates. complete genomes compared with representative clades. To provide context, 3651 international WGS data the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database included high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Antifungal susceptibility testing done antifungal resistance genes, mating-type locus, chromosomal rearrangements investigated further implemented Bayesian logistic regression models classify into simulate automatic detection belonging as their became available.FindingsThe separated by least 37 000 SNPs (range 000–236 900) existing These had opposite allele different when closest IV relatives. susceptible tested antifungals. Therefore, propose that represent new auris, VI. Furthermore, an independent dataset Bangladesh, accessed via NCBI Sequence Read Archive, found belong clade. As proof-of-concept, our model able flag outlier potential clade.InterpretationThe discovery Singapore Bangladesh Indomalayan zone, showing close relationship members most commonly South America, highlights unknown genetic diversity origin particularly under-resourced regions. Active surveillance settings, along effective strategies downstream analysis, will be essential identification strains, tracking transmission, containment adverse effects infections.FundingDuke-NUS Academic Medical Nurturing Clinician Researcher Scheme, Genedant-GIS Innovation Program.

Язык: Английский

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Real-time genomic surveillance for enhanced control of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance

Frontiers in Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

This article advocates for mobilizing pathogen genomic surveillance to contain and mitigate health threats from infectious diseases antimicrobial resistance (AMR), building upon successes achieved by large-scale genome sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants in guiding COVID-19 monitoring public responses adopting a One Health approach. Capabilities laboratory-based epidemic alert systems should be enhanced fostering (i) universal access real-time whole sequence (WGS) data pathogens inform clinical practice, infection control, policies, vaccine drug research development; (ii) integration diagnostic microbiology data, testing asymptomatic individuals, epidemiological into programs; (iii) stronger cross-sectorial collaborations between healthcare, health, animal environmental using approaches, toward understanding the ecology transmission pathways AMR across ecosystems; (iv) international collaboration interconnection networks, harmonization laboratory methods, standardization methods global reporting, including on variant or strain nomenclature; (v) responsible sharing databases, platforms according FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability) principles; (vi) system implementation its cost-effectiveness different settings. Regional policies governance initiatives foster concerted development efficient utilization protect humans, animals, environment.

Язык: Английский

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Viral Communities Contribute More to the Lysis of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria than the Transduction of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Anaerobic Digestion Revealed by Metagenomics

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(5), С. 2346 - 2359

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Ecological role of the viral community on fate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (reduction vs proliferation) remains unclear in anaerobic digestion (AD). Metagenomics revealed a dominance Siphoviridae and Podoviridae among 13,895 identified operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) within AD, only 21 vOTUs carried ARGs, which accounted for 0.57 ± 0.43% AD resistome. Conversely, ARGs locating plasmids integrative conjugative elements above 61.0%, indicating substantial potential conjugation driving horizontal gene transfer AD. Virus–host prediction based CRISPR spacer, tRNA, homology matches indicated that most viruses (80.2%) could not infect across genera. Among 480 high-quality metagenome assembly genomes, 95 were considered as putative antibiotic-resistant bacteria (pARB). Furthermore, lytic phages 66 pARBs devoid virus/host abundance ratios with an average value 71.7 extensive activity lysis. The infectivity phage was also elucidated through laboratory experiments concerning changes phage-to-host ratio, pH, temperature. Although metagenomic evidence dissemination by transduction found, higher proportion infecting suggested played greater reducing ARB numbers than spreading

Язык: Английский

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Zoonotic infections by avian influenza virus: changing global epidemiology, investigation, and control

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(8), С. e522 - e531

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Realising a global One Health disease surveillance approach: insights from wastewater and beyond

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2024

Abstract One Health is a recognition of the shared environment inhabited by humans, animals and plants, impact their interactions on health all organisms. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted need for framework pathogen surveillance in tractable paradigm to allow timely detection response threats human animal health. We present case studies centered around recent global approach tackle antimicrobial resistance current interest wastewater testing, with concept “one sample many analyses” be further explored as most appropriate means initiating this endeavor.

Язык: Английский

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Combination of Whole Genome Sequencing and Metagenomics for Microbiological Diagnostics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(17), С. 9834 - 9834

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2022

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides the highest resolution for genome-based species identification and can provide insight into antimicrobial resistance virulence potential of a single microbiological isolate during diagnostic process. In contrast, metagenomic allows analysis DNA segments from multiple microorganisms within community, either using an amplicon- or shotgun-based approach. However, WGS shotgun data are rarely combined, although such approach may generate additive synergistic information, critical for, e.g., patient management, infection control, pathogen surveillance. To produce combined workflow with actionable outputs, we need to understand pre-to-post analytical process both technologies. This will require specific databases storing interlinked metadata, also involves customized bioinformatic pipelines. review article overview steps clinical application combining metagenomics together diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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Dissecting microbial communities and resistomes for interconnected humans, soil, and livestock

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1), С. 21 - 35

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2022

Abstract A debate is currently ongoing as to whether intensive livestock farms may constitute reservoirs of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thus posing a threat surrounding communities. Here, combining shotgun metagenome sequencing, machine learning (ML), and culture-based methods, we focused on poultry farm connected slaughterhouse in China, investigating the gut microbiome livestock, workers their households, microbial communities carcasses soil. For both resistomes this study, differences are observed across environments hosts. However, at finer scale, several similar genes (ARGs) associated mobile genetic elements were found human broiler chicken samples. Next, Escherichia coli, an important indicator for surveillance AMR farm. Strains E. coli intermixed between humans chickens. We that ARGs present faecal resistome showed correlation resistance/susceptibility profiles isolates cultured from same Finally, by using environmental sensing these be correlated variations temperature humidity. Our results show importance adopting multi-domain multi-scale approach when studying complex, interconnected environments.

Язык: Английский

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