Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe ), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have tremendous impact worldwide particularly rice wheat, where the emerged in South America 1980s, before spreading to Asia Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability molecular genetic manipulation, inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding biology evolution. In past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has model plant–microbe interactions. review, we focus clarification taxonomy structure species host range determinants. We also discuss recent studies deciphering lifecycle. Taxonomy Kingdom: Fungi , phylum: Ascomycota sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina class: Sordariomycetes order: Magnaporthales family: Pyriculariaceae genus: Pyricularia. Host P. ability infect Poaceae . It structured into different host‐specialized lineages are each associated few plant genera. The best known cause damage but it can attack other economically important crops such maize, barley, finger millet. Disease symptoms necrotic lesions or bleaching all aerial parts plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, inflorescences (panicles, spikes, seeds). Characteristic leaves diamond‐shaped silver often brown margin whose appearance influenced by numerous factors genotype environmental conditions. USEFUL WEBSITES Resources URL Genomic data repositories http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ http://openriceblast.org/ http://openwheatblast.net/ Genome browser for fungi (including ) http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html Comparative genomics database https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T‐DNA mutant http://atmt.snu.kr/ http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP expression https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/

Язык: Английский

---

Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface toward a conserved fungal pathogen effector

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(28)

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2024

Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat pathogens global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution in field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that rice nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor Pik-1 can be engineered respond conserved family effectors from multihost blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae . We switched effector binding response profile Pik NLR its cognate AVR-Pik host-determining factor pathogenicity toward weeping lovegrass 2 (Pwl2) installing putative host target, OsHIPP43, place native integrated heavy metal–associated domain (generating Pikm-1 OsHIPP43 ). This chimeric also responded other PWL alleles diverse isolates. The crystal structure Pwl2/OsHIPP43 complex revealed multifaceted, robust interface cannot easily disrupted mutagenesis, therefore provide durable, broad isolates carrying field. Our findings highlight how targets used bioengineer recognition specificities have more properties compared naturally evolved genes.

Язык: Английский

---

Fungal effectors: past, present, and future

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81, С. 102526 - 102526

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024

Fungal effector proteins function at the interfaces of diverse interactions between fungi and their plant animal hosts, facilitating that are pathogenic or mutualistic. Recent advancements in protein structure prediction have significantly accelerated identification functional predictions these rapidly evolving proteins. This development enables scientists to generate testable hypotheses for validation using experimental approaches. Research frontiers biology include understanding pathways through which secreted translocated into host cells, roles manipulating microbiomes, contribution interacting with immunity. Comparative repertoires among different fungal-host can highlight unique adaptations, providing insights novel antifungal therapies biocontrol strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Complexity of the lichen symbiosis revealed by metagenome and transcriptome analysis of Xanthoria parietina

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Lichens are composite, symbiotic associations of fungi, algae, and bacteria that result in large, anatomically complex organisms adapted to many the world's most challenging environments. How such intricate, self-replicating lichen architectures develop from simple microbial components remains unknown because their recalcitrance experimental manipulation. Here, we report a metagenomic metatranscriptomic analysis Xanthoria parietina at different developmental stages. We identified 168 genomes symbionts lichen-associated microbes across sampled thalli, including representatives green three classes 14 bacterial phyla. By analyzing occurrence individual species thalli diverse environments, defined both substrate-specific core lichen. Metatranscriptomic principal fungal symbiont stages lichen, compared with axenically grown fungus, revealed differential gene expression profiles indicative lichen-specific transporter functions, specific cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, secondary metabolic capacity. Putative immunity-related proteins structurally conserved secreted resembling pathogen effectors were also identified, consistent role for immunity modulation morphogenesis.

Язык: Английский

---

Adaptive evolution in virulence effectors of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(9), С. e1011294 - e1011294

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Plant pathogens secrete proteins called effectors that target host cellular processes to promote disease. Recently, structural genomics has identified several families of fungal share a similar three-dimensional structure despite remarkably variable amino-acid sequences and surface properties. To explore the selective forces underlie sequence variability structurally-analogous effectors, we focused on MAX family are major determinants virulence in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae . Using structure-informed gene annotation, 58 78 effector genes per genome set 120 isolates representing seven host-associated lineages. The expression was primarily restricted early biotrophic phase infection strongly influenced by plant. Pangenome analyses demonstrated extensive presence/absence polymorphism loss events possibly involved range adaptation. However, knock-in experiments did not reveal strong effect phenotypes suggesting other evolutionary mechanisms main drivers losses. displayed high levels standing variation rates non-synonymous substitutions, pointing widespread positive selection shaping molecular diversity effectors. combination these with data revealed acts mostly residues located particular elements at specific positions. By providing comprehensive catalog amino acid polymorphism, identifying diversity, our work will inform future studies aimed elucidating function mode action

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of type VI secretion system effector-immunity pairs using structural bioinformatics

Molecular Systems Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(6), С. 702 - 718

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Abstract The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an important mediator of microbe–microbe and microbe–host interactions. Gram-negative bacteria use the T6SS to inject effectors (T6Es), which are usually proteins with toxic activity, into neighboring cells. Antibacterial have cognate immunity that neutralize self-intoxication. Here, we applied novel structural bioinformatic tools perform systematic discovery functional annotation T6Es their from a dataset 17,920 T6SS-encoding bacterial genomes. Using clustering, identified 517 putative T6E families, outperforming sequence-based clustering. We developed logistic regression model reliably quantify protein–protein interaction new T6E-immunity pairs, yielding candidate for 231 out families. used sensitive structure-based yielded annotations 51% again annotation. Next, validated four pairs using basic experiments in E. coli . In particular, showed Pfam domain DUF3289 homolog Colicin M DUF943 acts as its protein. Furthermore, discovered SleB, lytic transglycosylase, specific glutamate catalytic residue. Overall, this study applies pair discovery, provides extensive database annotated pairs.

Язык: Английский

---

Comparative Analysis of the Avirulence Effectors Produced by the Fungal Stem Rust Pathogen of Wheat

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(3), С. 171 - 178

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Crops are constantly exposed to pathogenic microbes. Rust fungi examples of these harmful microorganisms, which have a major economic impact on wheat production. To protect themselves from pathogens like rust fungi, plants employ multilayered immune system that includes immunoreceptors encoded by resistance genes. Significant efforts led the isolation numerous genes against in cereals, especially wheat. However, evolution virulence hinders durability as strategy for crop protection. other biotrophic pathogens, secrete an arsenal effectors facilitate infection, and molecules plant target pathogen recognition mounting defense responses. When recognized, effector proteins referred avirulence (Avr) effectors. Despite many predicted only five

Язык: Английский

---

The structural landscape and diversity of Pyricularia oryzae MAX effectors revisited

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(5), С. e1012176 - e1012176

Опубликована: Май 6, 2024

Magnaporthe AVRs and ToxB-like (MAX) effectors constitute a family of secreted virulence proteins in the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn . oryzae) , which causes blast disease on numerous cereals grasses. In spite high sequence divergence, MAX share common fold characterized by ß-sandwich core stabilized conserved disulfide bond. this study, we investigated structural landscape diversity within effector repertoire P Combining experimental protein structure determination silico modeling validated presence domain 77 out 94 groups orthologs (OG) identified previous population genomic study. Four novel structures determined NMR were remarkably good agreement with AlphaFold2 (AF2) predictions. Based comparison AF2-generated 3D models propose classification superfamily 20 that vary canonical fold, bond patterns, additional secondary N- C-terminal extensions. About one-third members remain singletons, without strong relationship to other effectors. Analysis surface properties AF2 also highlights variability at level, potentially reflecting wide their functions host targets.

Язык: Английский

---

Computational Prediction of Structure, Function, and Interaction of Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid) Salivary Effector Proteins

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(3), С. 338 - 346

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Similar to plant pathogens, phloem-feeding insects such as aphids deliver effector proteins inside their hosts that act promote host susceptibility and enable feeding infestation. Despite exciting progress toward identifying characterizing from these insects, functions remain largely unknown. The recent groundbreaking development in protein structure prediction algorithms, combined with the availability of proteomics transcriptomic datasets for agriculturally important pests, provides new opportunities explore structural functional diversity repertoires. In this study, we sought gain insight into infection strategy used by

Язык: Английский

---

Decoding the Arsenal: Protist Effectors and Their Impact on Photosynthetic Hosts

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(6), С. 498 - 506

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Interactions between various microbial pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and their plant hosts have traditionally been the focus of phytopathology. In recent years, a significant growing interest in study eukaryotic microorganisms not classified among fungi or oomycetes has emerged. Many these protists establish complex interactions with photosynthetic hosts, understanding is crucial dynamics parasites within traditional emerging types farming, marine aquaculture. phytopathogenic are biotrophs polyphasic life cycles, which makes them difficult impossible to culture, fact reflected wide gap availability comprehensive genomic data when compared fungal oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, our ability use available resources for limited by broad taxonomic distance that organisms span, comparisons other datasets difficult. The current rapid progress genomics computational tools prediction protein functions revolutionizing landscape pathology. This also opening novel possibilities, specifically deeper protist effectors. Tools like AlphaFold2 enable structure-based function effector candidates divergent sequences. turn, this allows us ask better biological questions and, coupled innovative experimental strategies, will lead into new era research, especially protists, expand knowledge on elusive hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 Author(s). an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Язык: Английский

---