Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
42(8), С. 112878 - 112878
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023
Viruses
acquire
host
genes
via
horizontal
transfer
and
can
express
them
to
manipulate
biology
during
infections.
Some
homologs
retain
sequence
identity,
but
evolutionary
divergence
obscure
origins.
We
use
structural
modeling
compare
vaccinia
virus
proteins
with
metazoan
proteomes.
identify
A47L
as
a
homolog
of
gasdermins,
the
executioners
pyroptosis.
An
X-ray
crystal
structure
A47
confirms
this
homology,
cell-based
assays
reveal
that
interferes
caspase
function.
also
C1L
product
cryptic
gene
fusion
event
coupling
Bcl-2-related
fold
pyrin
domain.
C1
associates
components
inflammasome,
cytosolic
innate
immune
sensor
involved
in
pyroptosis,
yet
paradoxically
enhances
inflammasome
activity,
suggesting
differential
modulation
Our
findings
demonstrate
increasing
power
homology
screens
unique
combinations
domains
viruses
capture
from
combine
ways.
Molecular Plant Pathology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Pyricularia
oryzae
(syn.
Magnaporthe
),
is
a
filamentous
ascomycete
that
causes
major
disease
called
blast
on
cereal
crops,
as
well
wide
variety
of
wild
and
cultivated
grasses.
Blast
diseases
have
tremendous
impact
worldwide
particularly
rice
wheat,
where
the
emerged
in
South
America
1980s,
before
spreading
to
Asia
Africa.
Its
economic
importance,
coupled
with
its
amenability
molecular
genetic
manipulation,
inspired
extensive
research
efforts
aiming
at
understanding
biology
evolution.
In
past
40
years,
this
plant‐pathogenic
fungus
has
model
plant–microbe
interactions.
review,
we
focus
clarification
taxonomy
structure
species
host
range
determinants.
We
also
discuss
recent
studies
deciphering
lifecycle.
Taxonomy
Kingdom:
Fungi
,
phylum:
Ascomycota
sub‐phylum:
Pezizomycotina
class:
Sordariomycetes
order:
Magnaporthales
family:
Pyriculariaceae
genus:
Pyricularia.
Host
P.
ability
infect
Poaceae
.
It
structured
into
different
host‐specialized
lineages
are
each
associated
few
plant
genera.
The
best
known
cause
damage
but
it
can
attack
other
economically
important
crops
such
maize,
barley,
finger
millet.
Disease
symptoms
necrotic
lesions
or
bleaching
all
aerial
parts
plants,
including
leaf
blades,
sheaths,
inflorescences
(panicles,
spikes,
seeds).
Characteristic
leaves
diamond‐shaped
silver
often
brown
margin
whose
appearance
influenced
by
numerous
factors
genotype
environmental
conditions.
USEFUL
WEBSITES
Resources
URL
Genomic
data
repositories
http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/
http://openriceblast.org/
http://openwheatblast.net/
Genome
browser
for
fungi
(including
)
http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html
Comparative
genomics
database
https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home
T‐DNA
mutant
http://atmt.snu.kr/
http://www.phi‐base.org/
SNP
expression
https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(28)
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2024
Bioengineering
of
plant
immune
receptors
has
emerged
as
a
key
strategy
for
generating
novel
disease
resistance
traits
to
counteract
the
expanding
threat
pathogens
global
food
security.
However,
current
approaches
are
limited
by
rapid
evolution
in
field
and
may
lack
durability
when
deployed.
Here,
we
show
that
rice
nucleotide-binding,
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
receptor
Pik-1
can
be
engineered
respond
conserved
family
effectors
from
multihost
blast
fungus
pathogen
Magnaporthe
oryzae
.
We
switched
effector
binding
response
profile
Pik
NLR
its
cognate
AVR-Pik
host-determining
factor
pathogenicity
toward
weeping
lovegrass
2
(Pwl2)
installing
putative
host
target,
OsHIPP43,
place
native
integrated
heavy
metal–associated
domain
(generating
Pikm-1
OsHIPP43
).
This
chimeric
also
responded
other
PWL
alleles
diverse
isolates.
The
crystal
structure
Pwl2/OsHIPP43
complex
revealed
multifaceted,
robust
interface
cannot
easily
disrupted
mutagenesis,
therefore
provide
durable,
broad
isolates
carrying
field.
Our
findings
highlight
how
targets
used
bioengineer
recognition
specificities
have
more
properties
compared
naturally
evolved
genes.
Current Opinion in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
81, С. 102526 - 102526
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024
Fungal
effector
proteins
function
at
the
interfaces
of
diverse
interactions
between
fungi
and
their
plant
animal
hosts,
facilitating
that
are
pathogenic
or
mutualistic.
Recent
advancements
in
protein
structure
prediction
have
significantly
accelerated
identification
functional
predictions
these
rapidly
evolving
proteins.
This
development
enables
scientists
to
generate
testable
hypotheses
for
validation
using
experimental
approaches.
Research
frontiers
biology
include
understanding
pathways
through
which
secreted
translocated
into
host
cells,
roles
manipulating
microbiomes,
contribution
interacting
with
immunity.
Comparative
repertoires
among
different
fungal-host
can
highlight
unique
adaptations,
providing
insights
novel
antifungal
therapies
biocontrol
strategies.
Lichens
are
composite,
symbiotic
associations
of
fungi,
algae,
and
bacteria
that
result
in
large,
anatomically
complex
organisms
adapted
to
many
the
world's
most
challenging
environments.
How
such
intricate,
self-replicating
lichen
architectures
develop
from
simple
microbial
components
remains
unknown
because
their
recalcitrance
experimental
manipulation.
Here,
we
report
a
metagenomic
metatranscriptomic
analysis
Xanthoria
parietina
at
different
developmental
stages.
We
identified
168
genomes
symbionts
lichen-associated
microbes
across
sampled
thalli,
including
representatives
green
three
classes
14
bacterial
phyla.
By
analyzing
occurrence
individual
species
thalli
diverse
environments,
defined
both
substrate-specific
core
lichen.
Metatranscriptomic
principal
fungal
symbiont
stages
lichen,
compared
with
axenically
grown
fungus,
revealed
differential
gene
expression
profiles
indicative
lichen-specific
transporter
functions,
specific
cell
signaling,
transcriptional
regulation,
secondary
metabolic
capacity.
Putative
immunity-related
proteins
structurally
conserved
secreted
resembling
pathogen
effectors
were
also
identified,
consistent
role
for
immunity
modulation
morphogenesis.
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
19(9), С. e1011294 - e1011294
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023
Plant
pathogens
secrete
proteins
called
effectors
that
target
host
cellular
processes
to
promote
disease.
Recently,
structural
genomics
has
identified
several
families
of
fungal
share
a
similar
three-dimensional
structure
despite
remarkably
variable
amino-acid
sequences
and
surface
properties.
To
explore
the
selective
forces
underlie
sequence
variability
structurally-analogous
effectors,
we
focused
on
MAX
family
are
major
determinants
virulence
in
rice
blast
fungus
Pyricularia
oryzae
.
Using
structure-informed
gene
annotation,
58
78
effector
genes
per
genome
set
120
isolates
representing
seven
host-associated
lineages.
The
expression
was
primarily
restricted
early
biotrophic
phase
infection
strongly
influenced
by
plant.
Pangenome
analyses
demonstrated
extensive
presence/absence
polymorphism
loss
events
possibly
involved
range
adaptation.
However,
knock-in
experiments
did
not
reveal
strong
effect
phenotypes
suggesting
other
evolutionary
mechanisms
main
drivers
losses.
displayed
high
levels
standing
variation
rates
non-synonymous
substitutions,
pointing
widespread
positive
selection
shaping
molecular
diversity
effectors.
combination
these
with
data
revealed
acts
mostly
residues
located
particular
elements
at
specific
positions.
By
providing
comprehensive
catalog
amino
acid
polymorphism,
identifying
diversity,
our
work
will
inform
future
studies
aimed
elucidating
function
mode
action
Molecular Systems Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(6), С. 702 - 718
Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024
Abstract
The
type
VI
secretion
system
(T6SS)
is
an
important
mediator
of
microbe–microbe
and
microbe–host
interactions.
Gram-negative
bacteria
use
the
T6SS
to
inject
effectors
(T6Es),
which
are
usually
proteins
with
toxic
activity,
into
neighboring
cells.
Antibacterial
have
cognate
immunity
that
neutralize
self-intoxication.
Here,
we
applied
novel
structural
bioinformatic
tools
perform
systematic
discovery
functional
annotation
T6Es
their
from
a
dataset
17,920
T6SS-encoding
bacterial
genomes.
Using
clustering,
identified
517
putative
T6E
families,
outperforming
sequence-based
clustering.
We
developed
logistic
regression
model
reliably
quantify
protein–protein
interaction
new
T6E-immunity
pairs,
yielding
candidate
for
231
out
families.
used
sensitive
structure-based
yielded
annotations
51%
again
annotation.
Next,
validated
four
pairs
using
basic
experiments
in
E.
coli
.
In
particular,
showed
Pfam
domain
DUF3289
homolog
Colicin
M
DUF943
acts
as
its
protein.
Furthermore,
discovered
SleB,
lytic
transglycosylase,
specific
glutamate
catalytic
residue.
Overall,
this
study
applies
pair
discovery,
provides
extensive
database
annotated
pairs.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(3), С. 171 - 178
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024
Crops
are
constantly
exposed
to
pathogenic
microbes.
Rust
fungi
examples
of
these
harmful
microorganisms,
which
have
a
major
economic
impact
on
wheat
production.
To
protect
themselves
from
pathogens
like
rust
fungi,
plants
employ
multilayered
immune
system
that
includes
immunoreceptors
encoded
by
resistance
genes.
Significant
efforts
led
the
isolation
numerous
genes
against
in
cereals,
especially
wheat.
However,
evolution
virulence
hinders
durability
as
strategy
for
crop
protection.
other
biotrophic
pathogens,
secrete
an
arsenal
effectors
facilitate
infection,
and
molecules
plant
target
pathogen
recognition
mounting
defense
responses.
When
recognized,
effector
proteins
referred
avirulence
(Avr)
effectors.
Despite
many
predicted
only
five
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(5), С. e1012176 - e1012176
Опубликована: Май 6, 2024
Magnaporthe
AVRs
and
ToxB-like
(MAX)
effectors
constitute
a
family
of
secreted
virulence
proteins
in
the
fungus
Pyricularia
oryzae
(syn
.
oryzae)
,
which
causes
blast
disease
on
numerous
cereals
grasses.
In
spite
high
sequence
divergence,
MAX
share
common
fold
characterized
by
ß-sandwich
core
stabilized
conserved
disulfide
bond.
this
study,
we
investigated
structural
landscape
diversity
within
effector
repertoire
P
Combining
experimental
protein
structure
determination
silico
modeling
validated
presence
domain
77
out
94
groups
orthologs
(OG)
identified
previous
population
genomic
study.
Four
novel
structures
determined
NMR
were
remarkably
good
agreement
with
AlphaFold2
(AF2)
predictions.
Based
comparison
AF2-generated
3D
models
propose
classification
superfamily
20
that
vary
canonical
fold,
bond
patterns,
additional
secondary
N-
C-terminal
extensions.
About
one-third
members
remain
singletons,
without
strong
relationship
to
other
effectors.
Analysis
surface
properties
AF2
also
highlights
variability
at
level,
potentially
reflecting
wide
their
functions
host
targets.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(3), С. 338 - 346
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Similar
to
plant
pathogens,
phloem-feeding
insects
such
as
aphids
deliver
effector
proteins
inside
their
hosts
that
act
promote
host
susceptibility
and
enable
feeding
infestation.
Despite
exciting
progress
toward
identifying
characterizing
from
these
insects,
functions
remain
largely
unknown.
The
recent
groundbreaking
development
in
protein
structure
prediction
algorithms,
combined
with
the
availability
of
proteomics
transcriptomic
datasets
for
agriculturally
important
pests,
provides
new
opportunities
explore
structural
functional
diversity
repertoires.
In
this
study,
we
sought
gain
insight
into
infection
strategy
used
by