Decoding the Arsenal: Protist Effectors and Their Impact on Photosynthetic Hosts

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(6), С. 498 - 506

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Interactions between various microbial pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and their plant hosts have traditionally been the focus of phytopathology. In recent years, a significant growing interest in study eukaryotic microorganisms not classified among fungi or oomycetes has emerged. Many these protists establish complex interactions with photosynthetic hosts, understanding is crucial dynamics parasites within traditional emerging types farming, marine aquaculture. phytopathogenic are biotrophs polyphasic life cycles, which makes them difficult impossible to culture, fact reflected wide gap availability comprehensive genomic data when compared fungal oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, our ability use available resources for limited by broad taxonomic distance that organisms span, comparisons other datasets difficult. The current rapid progress genomics computational tools prediction protein functions revolutionizing landscape pathology. This also opening novel possibilities, specifically deeper protist effectors. Tools like AlphaFold2 enable structure-based function effector candidates divergent sequences. turn, this allows us ask better biological questions and, coupled innovative experimental strategies, will lead into new era research, especially protists, expand knowledge on elusive hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 Author(s). an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Язык: Английский

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Molecular mimicry of a pathogen virulence target by a plant immune receptor

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Abstract Plants and animals respond to pathogen attack by mounting innate immune responses that require intracellular nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. These receptors detect infection sensing virulence effector However, the mechanisms which evolve new recognition specificities remain poorly understood. Here we report a plant NLR has evolved capacity bind acting as molecular mimic of target effector, thereby triggering an response. The barley Mildew Locus A 3 (MLA3) confers resistance blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae recognizing Pwl2. Using structural analysis, show MLA3 acquired Pwl2 through mimicry host HIPP43. We demonstrate amino acids at interface are highly conserved in HIPP43 with Pwl2, required trigger used this discovery bioengineer SR50—an MLA ortholog rye wheat stem rust—by introducing MLA3. This chimeric receptor dual activities, responding effectors from two major cereal pathogens. Collectively, these results provide evidence have sophisticated strategies counteract attack.

Язык: Английский

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Effector‐triggered susceptibility by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 241(3), С. 1007 - 1020

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2023

Summary Rice blast, the most destructive disease of cultivated rice world‐wide, is caused by filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . To cause in plants, M. secretes a diverse range effector proteins to suppress plant defense responses, modulate cellular processes, and support pathogen growth. Some effectors can be secreted appressoria even before host penetration, while others accumulate apoplast, or enter living cells where they target specific subcellular compartments. During infection, blast induces formation specialized structure known as biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which appears crucial for delivery into cells. Here, we review recent advances cell biology –host interactions show how new breakthroughs control have stemmed from an increased understanding are deployed delivered enable invasion susceptibility.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Effector Proteins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(11), С. 9125 - 9125

Опубликована: Май 23, 2023

Plants are colonized by various fungi with both pathogenic and beneficial lifestyles. One type of colonization strategy is through the secretion effector proteins that alter plant's physiology to accommodate fungus. The oldest plant symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF), may exploit effectors their benefit. Genome analysis coupled transcriptomic studies in different AMFs has intensified research on function, evolution, diversification AMF. However, current 338 predicted from AM fungus

Язык: Английский

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Structural homology screens reveal host-derived poxvirus protein families impacting inflammasome activity

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(8), С. 112878 - 112878

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023

Viruses acquire host genes via horizontal transfer and can express them to manipulate biology during infections. Some homologs retain sequence identity, but evolutionary divergence obscure origins. We use structural modeling compare vaccinia virus proteins with metazoan proteomes. identify A47L as a homolog of gasdermins, the executioners pyroptosis. An X-ray crystal structure A47 confirms this homology, cell-based assays reveal that interferes caspase function. also C1L product cryptic gene fusion event coupling Bcl-2-related fold pyrin domain. C1 associates components inflammasome, cytosolic innate immune sensor involved in pyroptosis, yet paradoxically enhances inflammasome activity, suggesting differential modulation Our findings demonstrate increasing power homology screens unique combinations domains viruses capture from combine ways.

Язык: Английский

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