IL-2-mediated CD4 T-cell activation correlates highly with effective serological and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) DOI Creative Commons
Akshita Gupta, Elda Righi, Angelina Konnova

и другие.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Abstract People living with HIV (PLWH) despite having appreciable depletion of CD4 + T-cell show a good SARS- CoV-2 vaccination response. The underlying mechanism(s) are currently not understood. We studied serological and polyfunctional responses in PLWH receiving anti-retroviral therapy stratified on counts as PLWH-high (CD4 ≥500 cells/μL) PLWH-low (<500 cells/μL). Responses were assessed longitudinally before the first (T0), 1-month after dose (T1), 3- months (T2), 6-months (T3) second dose. Expectedly, both -low groups developed similar T2, which also non-significantly different to age vaccination-matched HIV-negative controls at T3. IgG titers protective showing correlation ACE2-neutralizations (R=0.628, P=0.005). While no difference T3 was observed between activated CD154 memory T-cells, spike- specific cytokine expression analysis showed that preferentially express IL-2 (P<0.001) controls, IFN-γ (P=0.017). negatively correlated IL-2- expressing T-cells including (Spearman ρ: -0.85 -0.80, respectively; P<0.001). Our results suggest durable developing vaccinated associated IL-2-mediated activation likely compensates for PLWH.

Язык: Английский

Insights into vaccines for elderly individuals: from the impacts of immunosenescence to delivery strategies DOI Creative Commons
Yingying Hou, Min Chen, Yuan Bian

и другие.

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Immunosenescence increases the risk and severity of diseases in elderly individuals leads to impaired vaccine-induced immunity. With aging global population emerging epidemics, developing adjuvants vaccines for improve their immune protection is pivotal healthy worldwide. Deepening our understanding role immunosenescence vaccine efficacy could accelerate research focused on optimizing delivery individuals. In this review, we analyzed characteristics at cellular molecular levels. Strategies vaccination potency are summarized, including increasing antigen dose, preparing multivalent vaccines, adding appropriate adjuvants, inhibiting chronic inflammation, immunosenescence. We hope that review can provide a new findings with regards impacts vaccine-mediated inspire development individualized

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

26
Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses DOI Creative Commons
Mariam Maltseva, Alexa Keeshan, Curtis Cooper

и другие.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024

Immune imprinting is a phenomenon that stems from the fundamentals of immunological memory. Upon recurrent exposures to an evolving pathogen, immune system must weigh benefits rapidly recalling established antibody repertoires with greater affinity initial variant or invest additional time and energy in producing de novo responses specific emerging variant. In this review, we delve into mechanistic complexities its role shaping subsequent responses, both recall, against respiratory viruses such as influenza coronaviruses. By exploring duality imprinting, examine potential enhance hinder protection disease, while emphasizing host viral factors. Finally, explore how different vaccine platforms may affect comment on strategies can favor variant-specific responses.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

8
A recombinant protein vaccine induces protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and XBB-lineage subvariants DOI Creative Commons
H. J. Yang, Weiqi Hong, Shi H

и другие.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Abstract The emergence of XBB- and JN.1-lineages with remarkable immune evasion characteristics have led to rises in breakthrough infections within populations. In addition, the unfavorable impacts imprinting, stemming from continuous exposure antigens circulated viruses, been observed incline response against earlier lineages, thereby declining neutralization newly emerged Omicron subvariants. this, advancement next-generation vaccines COVID-19 targeting components new subvariants such as XBB-lineage is imperative. current study, a self-assembled trimeric recombinant protein (RBD XBB.1.5 -HR) was generated by concatenating sequences receptor binding domain (RBD) derived heptad-repeat 1 (HR1) HR2 spike S2 subunit. Adjuvanted-RBD -HR induced robust humoral cellular responses, characterized elevated JN.1-inculuded substantial population antigen-specific T memory cells. Protective immunity conferred RBD vaccine preserved post-immunization, evidenced germinal center B (GC B) follicular helper (Tfh) sustained potency, an increase cells (MBCs) long-lived plasma (LLPCs). showed favorable boosting effect when administered heterologously after three doses inactivated virus (IV) mRNA vaccines. Significantly, it provided protection live EG.5.1 viruses vivo. monovalent safety immunogenicity, neutralizing antibodies JN.1- individuals prior vaccinations. These findings highlight its clinical potential safeguarding circulating

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Three SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants delivered intranasally by measles and mumps vaccines are broadly protective DOI Creative Commons

Yuexiu Zhang,

Michelle Chamblee,

Jiayu Xu

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Abstract As the new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants and subvariants emerge, there is an urgency to develop intranasal, broadly protective vaccines. Here, we developed highly efficacious, intranasal trivalent vaccine candidates (TVC) based on three components of MMR vaccine: measles virus (MeV), mumps (MuV) Jeryl Lynn (JL1) strain, MuV JL2 strain. Specifically, MeV, MuV-JL1, MuV-JL2 strains, each expressing prefusion spike (preS-6P) from a different variant concern (VoC), were combined generate TVCs. Intranasal immunization IFNAR1 −/− mice female hamsters with TVCs generated high levels S-specific serum IgG antibodies, broad neutralizing mucosal IgA antibodies as well tissue-resident memory T cells in lungs. The immunized protected challenge original WA1, B.1.617.2, B.1.1.529 strains. preexisting MeV immunity does not significantly interfere efficacy TVC. Thus, platform promising next-generation candidate.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Neutralizing antibody test supports booster strategy for young individuals after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough DOI Creative Commons
Yichuan Yao,

Yunru Yang,

Qiqin Wu

и другие.

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, since its initial detection, has rapidly spread across the globe, becoming dominant strain. It is important to study immune response of variant due remarkable ability escape majority existing neutralizing antibodies. surge in infections among most Chinese residents by end 2022 provides a unique opportunity understand system's populations with limited exposure prior variants. We tested levels IgG, IgA, and IgM specific prototype RBD (receptor-binding domain) blood samples from 636 individuals chemical luminescence assay, ELISA pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. Inoculation inactivated vaccines or recombinant protein showed higher IgG after infection than unvaccinated individuals. Moreover, age resulted different as level patients aged > 60 years was lower that < years. This indicates induced breakthrough between old young found booster dose vaccine led significant increase against helped induce antibodies BA.5 BF.7 variants an individuals, which previous report on older people. These data suggest vaccination helps high Trial registration: purely observational study.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Immunity against conserved and non-conserved Spike epitopes after COVID-19 booster vaccination provides long-term protection against symptomatic Omicron infections DOI Creative Commons

Heiko Pfister,

Carsten Uhlig,

Zsuzsanna Mayer

и другие.

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the features immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single cohort during 6–17 months following booster immunization with an mRNA-based vaccine. results illustrate influence humoral and cellular immunity on efficacy Notably, neutralizing antibody titers were found serve as reasonably reliable correlate prior immunization. However, predictive power largely lost after boosting. loss appears be due critical remodeling response Our findings support hypothesis that both conserved non-conserved epitopes viral Spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) is crucial for optimal long-term Omicron infection. While may provide cross-variant protection, antibodies targeting RBD play pivotal role achieving maximum protection. These observations highlight repeated shaping landscape reinforce necessity considering components, alongside intended use considerations, when assessing vaccine developing future strategies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Profile of Humoral Immunity and B Cell Pool in Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Prototype Strain and AZD1222 (ChAdOx nCoV-19) Vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Débora Familiar-Macedo,

Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo,

Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos

и другие.

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 101 - 101

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Background/Objectives: Understanding the behavior of B cells during infection and vaccination is important for determining protective humoral immunity. We evaluated profile immunity cell pool in individuals who were acutely infected with SARS-CoV-2, recovered from COVID-19, or received two doses AZD1222 vaccine. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) these subjected to vitro stimulation promote differentiation into antibody-secreting (ASCs), ELISpot abundance pan SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-reactive IgG+ ASC. Stimulated PBMCs characterized using flow cytometry. Culture supernatants assessed soluble B-cell-activating factors. The IgA IgG S1 through ELISA. Results: displayed a robust ASC compared acute vaccinated individuals. Although frequency total subsets did not vary among groups, plasmablast increased naïve double-negative acute, recovered, Similar production appeared be present During vaccination, more produced than IgA. In patients, BAFF levels positively correlated but negatively IgA+ cells. Conclusions: Vaccination natural COVID-19 induce differential functionality suggest that new vaccines against incorporate molecular adjuvants regulate lymphocyte consider beneficial aspects response addition IgG.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Molecular and genetic characteristic of some Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and prospects for vaccine prevention of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
В. І. Задорожна, Н. П. Винник, Anton Gerilovych

и другие.

One Health Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 3(I), С. 5 - 21

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2025

Over a period of 5 years, the emergent SARS-CoV-2 virus underwent process adaptation to human body as species host and acquired evolutionary changes that bring it closer routine respiratory viruses in terms epidemic clinical characteristics. The work presents systematized information on molecular genetics antigenic characteristics variants virus, categories their potential danger with detailed description spike mutations current sub-variants Omicron (Variants Interest (VOI) - BA.2.86, JN.1; Variants under Monitoring (VUM) JN.1.7, JN.1.18, KP.2, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, LB.1 XEC) its de-escalated subvariants. effect some or combinations properties is characterized. trends prevalence priority VOI VUM world are estimated trend rapid increase intensity circulation KP.3.1.1 XEC against background decrease other fall 2024 shown. issue immune imprinting for COVID-19 associated both natural infection vaccination depending vaccine strain considered. characterization FDA-recommended vaccines 2024/2025 season provided, taking into account manufacturing technology, strains, purpose. Based analysis data effectiveness relation risks infection, severity course disease mortality, need vaccinate individuals only from risk groups, is, according medical age indications, emphasized order reduce mortality. However, composition these must correspond epidemically relevant virus.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Epitope-focused vaccine immunogens design using tailored horseshoe-shaped scaffold DOI Creative Commons
Fangxin Zhao, Yue Zhang, Zhiling Zhang

и другие.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

The continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlights the need to update coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) vaccine components. Epitope-based designs targeting conserved and immunorecessive regions SARS-CoV-2 are critically needed. Here, we report an engineered epitope-focused immunogen design based on a novel horseshoe-shaped natural protein scaffold, named ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1), that can multiply display neutralizing epitopes from S2 stem helix. designed RNH1-S1139 demonstrates high binding affinity S2-specific antibodies elicits robust epitope-targeted antibody responses either through homologous or heterologous vaccination regimens. immune serum has been proven have similar ability against SARS-CoV, its variants, providing broad-spectrum protection as membrane fusion inhibitor. Further studies showed RNH1 potential serve versatile scaffold displays other helical various antigens, including syncytial virus (RSV) F glycoprotein. Our proposed engineering strategy via tailored horseshoe-shape nano-scaffold supports continued development vaccines part next-generation design.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Repeated Omicron Infections Overcome T Cell Immune Imprinting to Original SARS‐CoV‐2 DOI
Yunfei Li,

Junyao Lu,

Liheng He

и другие.

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 97(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Multiple studies demonstrate the existence of attenuated neutralizing activity to Omicron variants in original SARS-CoV-2 strain vaccinated population undergoing breakthrough infection, which reflects a phenomenon immune imprinting humoral immunity. Herein, through designing spike protein peptide pools from four subvariants and wild type (WT) counterpart, we intended determine antiviral T cell immunoreactivity Omicron-infected COVID-19 patients with or without previous vaccination. We have demonstrated that IFN-γ producing cells against subvariants-derived were significantly less than those WT counterpart BA.5/BA.7 infected receiving inactivated vaccination whereas comparable unvaccinated group. Notably, reinfection restored viral-specific immunity strains individuals. Therefore, similar strain-derived vaccines induces when infection. Since can restore strains, it is necessary design multivalent immunogens for vaccine development overcome both B other highly mutant pathogens.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0