Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
166(2), С. 109 - 137
Опубликована: Март 15, 2023
Abstract
Since
it
was
first
generally
accepted
that
the
two
amino
acids
glutamate
and
GABA
act
as
principal
neurotransmitters,
several
landmark
discoveries
relating
to
this
function
have
been
uncovered.
Synaptic
homeostasis
of
these
transmitters
involves
cell
types
working
in
close
collaboration
is
facilitated
by
specialized
cellular
processes.
Notably,
are
extensively
recycled
between
neurons
astrocytes
a
process
known
glutamate/GABA‐glutamine
cycle,
which
essential
maintain
synaptic
transmission.
The
cycle
intimately
coupled
energy
metabolism
relies
on
metabolic
both
astrocytes.
Importantly,
display
unique
features
allowing
extensive
metabolite
release,
hereby
providing
support
for
neurons.
Furthermore,
undergo
complex
adaptations
response
injury
pathology,
may
greatly
affect
transmission
during
disease.
In
Milestone
Review
we
outline
major
relation
balancing
signaling,
including
uptake,
metabolism,
recycling.
We
provide
special
focus
how
astrocyte
contribute
sustain
neuronal
through
transfer.
Recent
advances
reviewed
context
brain
toxicity
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
consider
pathological
serve
potential
target
intervention.
Integrating
multitude
fine‐tuned
processes
supporting
neurotransmitter
recycling,
will
aid
next
generation
homeostasis.
image
Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
4(2), С. 213 - 224
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2022
Abstract
During
starvation,
mammalian
brains
can
adapt
their
metabolism,
switching
from
glucose
to
alternative
peripheral
fuel
sources.
In
the
Drosophila
starved
brain,
memory
formation
is
subject
adaptative
plasticity,
but
whether
this
adaptive
plasticity
relies
on
metabolic
adaptation
remains
unclear.
Here
we
show
that
during
neurons
of
fly
olfactory
centre
import
and
use
ketone
bodies
(KBs)
as
an
energy
substrate
sustain
aversive
formation.
We
identify
local
providers
within
cortex
glia,
own
lipid
store
synthesize
KBs
before
exporting
them
via
monocarboxylate
transporters.
Finally,
master
sensor
AMP-activated
protein
kinase
regulates
both
mobilization
KB
export
in
glia.
Our
data
provide
a
general
schema
interactions
brain
support
when
scarce.
Redox Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
62, С. 102690 - 102690
Опубликована: Март 27, 2023
The
brain
is
particularly
susceptible
to
oxidative
damage
which
a
key
feature
of
several
neurodegenerative
diseases,
including
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD)
and
Huntington's
disease.
shuttling
glutathione
(GSH)
precursors
from
astrocytes
neurons
has
been
shown
be
instrumental
for
the
neuroprotective
activity.
Here,
we
revealed
that
short
chain
fatty
acids
(SCFA),
have
related
AD
PD,
could
promote
glutamate-glutamine
shuttle
potentially
resist
in
at
cellular
level.
Furthermore,
performed
nine-month-long
dietary
SCFA
supplementations
APPswe/PS1dE9
(APP/PS1)
mice,
showed
it
reshaped
homeostasis
microbiota
alleviated
cognitive
impairment
by
reducing
Aβ
deposition
tau
hyperphosphorylation.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
analysis
hippocampus
can
enhance
astrocyte-neuron
communication
shuttle,
mainly
acting
on
astrocyte
vivo.
Collectively,
our
findings
indicate
long-term
early
aging
stage
regulate
neuroenergetics
alleviate
AD,
providing
promising
direction
development
new
drug.
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
166(2), С. 109 - 137
Опубликована: Март 15, 2023
Abstract
Since
it
was
first
generally
accepted
that
the
two
amino
acids
glutamate
and
GABA
act
as
principal
neurotransmitters,
several
landmark
discoveries
relating
to
this
function
have
been
uncovered.
Synaptic
homeostasis
of
these
transmitters
involves
cell
types
working
in
close
collaboration
is
facilitated
by
specialized
cellular
processes.
Notably,
are
extensively
recycled
between
neurons
astrocytes
a
process
known
glutamate/GABA‐glutamine
cycle,
which
essential
maintain
synaptic
transmission.
The
cycle
intimately
coupled
energy
metabolism
relies
on
metabolic
both
astrocytes.
Importantly,
display
unique
features
allowing
extensive
metabolite
release,
hereby
providing
support
for
neurons.
Furthermore,
undergo
complex
adaptations
response
injury
pathology,
may
greatly
affect
transmission
during
disease.
In
Milestone
Review
we
outline
major
relation
balancing
signaling,
including
uptake,
metabolism,
recycling.
We
provide
special
focus
how
astrocyte
contribute
sustain
neuronal
through
transfer.
Recent
advances
reviewed
context
brain
toxicity
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
consider
pathological
serve
potential
target
intervention.
Integrating
multitude
fine‐tuned
processes
supporting
neurotransmitter
recycling,
will
aid
next
generation
homeostasis.
image
