How genomics can help biodiversity conservation

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39(7), С. 545 - 559

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches applications in conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prerequisite skills, current shortcomings applications. Most perform best combination with reference genomes from target species or closely related species. We review case studies to illustrate how facilitate research across tree life. conclude that time is ripe view fundamental integrate their use a practice genomics.

Язык: Английский

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Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible

BioScience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 71(9), С. 964 - 976

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2021

Abstract Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting monitoring genetic diversity—one of the three main pillars biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species’ adaptation survival, ecosystem resilience, societal innovation. The low priority given to has been due knowledge gaps in key areas, including importance trends change; perceived high expense availability scattered nature data; complicated concepts information that are inaccessible policymakers. However, numerous recent advances knowledge, technology, databases, practice, capacity now set stage for better integration instruments efforts. We review these developments explore how they can support improved consideration global commitments enable countries monitor, report on, take maintain or restore diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic diversity is considered important but interpreted narrowly in country reports to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Current actions and indicators are insufficient

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 261, С. 109233 - 109233

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2021

International agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have committed to conserve, and sustainably equitably use, biodiversity. The CBD is a vital instrument for global conservation because it guides 195 countries European Union in setting priorities allocating resources, requires regular reporting progress. However, similar policy often neglected genetic diversity. This critical gap diversity underlies adaptation environmental change ecosystem resilience. Here we aim inform future policy, monitoring, efforts focused limiting biodiversity loss by conducting largest yet evaluation of how Parties report A large, globally representative sample 114 National Reports was examined assess reported actions, progress, values indicators related Although importance recognized most CBD, targets mainly addressed variation within crops livestock (a small fraction all species). Reported actions conserve primarily concerned ex situ facilities legislation, rather than monitoring intervention. commonly status are not well correlated maintaining Lastly, few reports mentioned using DNA data, indigenous use knowledge diversity, or development strategies We make several recommendations post-2020 Biodiversity Framework, IPBES, improve awareness, assessment, facilitate consistent complete future.

Язык: Английский

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Why sequence all eukaryotes?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2022

Life on Earth has evolved from initial simplicity to the astounding complexity we experience today. Bacteria and archaea have largely excelled in metabolic diversification, but eukaryotes additionally display abundant morphological innovation. How these innovations come about what constraints are there origins of novelty continuing maintenance biodiversity Earth? The history life code for working parts cells systems written genome. BioGenome Project proposed that genomes all extant, named eukaryotes—about 2 million species—should be sequenced high quality produce a digital library Earth, beginning with strategic phylogenetic, ecological, high-impact priorities. Here discuss why should sequence eukaryotic species, not just representative few scattered across many branches tree life. We suggest questions evolutionary ecological significance will only addressable when whole-genome data representing divergences at branchings or species natural ecosystems available. envisage genomic foster understanding ongoing processes speciation, adaptation, organismal dependencies within entire ecosystems. These explorations resolve long-standing problems phylogenetics, evolution, ecology, conservation, agriculture, bioindustry, medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(3), С. 165 - 183

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023

All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish species' potential adapt future environments. Understanding monitoring how organisms respond human-driven change is therefore major priority for conservation rapidly changing environment. Recent developments genomic, transcriptomic epigenomic technologies enabling unprecedented insights into evolutionary processes molecular bases adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply integrate omics tools experimentally investigate, monitor predict species communities wild cope with change, which by genetically adapting new conditions, through range shifts or phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages limitations each method discuss research avenues would improve our understanding responses highlighting need holistic, multi-omics approaches ecosystem during Species can shifting their these responses.

Язык: Английский

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New developments in the field of genomic technologies and their relevance to conservation management

Conservation Genetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(2), С. 217 - 242

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2021

Abstract Recent technological advances in the field of genomics offer conservation managers and practitioners new tools to explore for applications. Many these are well developed used by other life science fields, while others still development. Considering possibilities, choosing right tool(s) from toolbox is crucial can pose a challenging task. With this mind, we strive inspire, inform illuminate on how efforts benefit current genomic biotechnological revolution. inspirational case studies show technologies help resolve some main challenges, also informing implementable different are. We here focus specifically small population management, highlight potential genetic rescue, discuss opportunities gene editing with adaptation changing environments. In addition, delineate applications drives controlling invasive species. that offers added efforts, but comes limitations use novel emerging techniques.

Язык: Английский

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The application gap: Genomics for biodiversity and ecosystem service management

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 278, С. 109883 - 109883

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

The conservation of biodiversity from the genetic to community levels is fundamental for continual provision ecosystem services (ES), benefits that ecosystems provide people. Genetic and genomic diversity enhance resilience populations communities underpin functions services. We show genomics applications are mostly limited flagship species their ES management underachieved. propose a framework on how can guide sustainable bridge this genomics-ES 'application gap'. review knowledge in single (relatedness, potentially adaptive variants) or interacting (host-microorganism coevolution, hybridization) effective actions. These include population supplementation, assisted migration hybridization promote climate-adapted variants potential, control invasives, delimitation areas, provenancing strategies restoration, managing microbial function solving trade-offs. Genomics-informed actions improved outcomes supported through synergies between scientists managers at local, regional international levels, development standardized workflows, training incorporation local information. Such facilitate implementation policies such as UN 2030 goals EU Biodiversity strategy 2030, support inclusion ambitious new CBD post-2020 Global Framework hybrids.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding and applying biological resilience, from genes to ecosystems

npj Biodiversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2023

Abstract The natural world is under unprecedented and accelerating pressure. Much work on understanding resilience to local global environmental change has, so far, focussed ecosystems. However, a system’s behaviour requires knowledge of its component parts their interactions. Here we call for increased efforts understand ‘biological resilience’, or the processes that enable components across biological levels, from genes communities, resist recover perturbations. Although ecologists evolutionary biologists have tool-boxes examine form function, integrate this levels take advantage big data (e.g. ecological genomic) are only just beginning. We argue combining eco-evolutionary with ecosystem-level concepts will provide mechanistic basis necessary improve management human, agricultural ecosystems, outline some challenges in achieving an resilience.

Язык: Английский

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A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biome

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(5)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2021

Abstract The 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A effort robustly examine, monitor, incorporate biome into future conservation targets enable CBD further improve ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, ecosystem services, profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; (5) national policies agreements.

Язык: Английский

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A keystone gene underlies the persistence of an experimental food web

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 376(6588), С. 70 - 73

Опубликована: Март 31, 2022

Genes encode information that determines an organism’s fitness. Yet we know little about whether genes of one species influence the persistence interacting in ecological community. Here, experimentally tested effect three plant defense on insect food web and found a single allele at gene promoted coexistence by increasing growth rate, which turn increased intrinsic rates across multiple trophic levels. Our discovery “keystone gene” illustrates need to bridge between biological scales, from ecosystems, understand community persistence.

Язык: Английский

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