Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(2), С. 177 - 202

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Evolutionary biology provides a crucial foundation for medicine and behavioral science that has been missing from psychiatry. Its absence helps to explain slow progress; its advent promises major advances. Instead of offering new kind treatment, evolutionary psychiatry scientific useful all kinds treatment. It expands the search causes mechanistic explanations disease in some individuals traits make members species vulnerable disease. For instance, capacities symptoms such as pain, cough, anxiety low mood are universal because they certain situations. Failing recognize utility is at root many problems Determining if an emotion normal it requires understanding individual's life situation. Conducting review social systems, parallel systems rest medicine, can help achieve understanding. Coping with substance abuse advanced by acknowledging how substances available modern environments hijack chemically mediated learning mechanisms. Understanding why eating spirals out control aided recognizing motivations caloric restriction arouses famine protection mechanisms induce binge eating. Finally, explaining persistence alleles cause serious mental disorders intrinsically failure. The thrill finding functions apparent diseases psychiatry's greatest strength weakness. Recognizing bad feelings evolved adaptations corrects pervasive mistake viewing were manifestations. However, panic disorder, melancholia schizophrenia equally Progress will come framing testing specific hypotheses about natural selection left us disorders. efforts people over years be needed before we know provide paradigm treating

Язык: Английский

---

New estimates indicate that males are not larger than females in most mammal species

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Abstract Sexual size dimorphism has motivated a large body of research on mammalian mating strategies and sexual selection. Despite some contrary evidence, the narrative that larger males are norm in mammals—upheld since Darwin’s Descent Man —still dominates today, supported by meta-analyses use coarse measures taxonomically-biased sampling. With newly-available datasets primary sources reporting sex-segregated means variances adult mass, we estimate statistically-determined rates mammals, sampling taxa their species richness at family level. Our analyses wild, non-provisioned populations representing >400 indicate although tend to be than females when occurs, not most mammal species, suggesting need revisit other assumptions selection research.

Язык: Английский

---

A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs

Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 387(6732), С. 406 - 412

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Androgens are pleiotropic and play pivotal roles in the formation variation of sexual phenotypes. We show that differences circulating androgens between three male mating morphs ruff sandpipers linked to 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), encoded by a gene within supergene determines morphs. Low-testosterone males had higher HSD17B2 expression blood than high-testosterone males, as well brain areas related social behaviors testosterone production. Derived isozymes, which absent but preferentially expressed low-testosterone converted androstenedione faster ancestral isozyme. Thus, combination evolutionary changes regulation, sequence, structure single introduces endocrine underlying reproductive

Язык: Английский

---

Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(4), С. 891 - 906

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

"Sex" is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits an organism related reproduction. However, these traits-gamete type, chromosomal inheritance, physiology, morphology, behavior, etc.-are not necessarily coupled, the rhetorical collapse variation into single term elides much complexity inherent in sexual phenotypes. We argue that consideration "sex" as constructed category operating at multiple biological levels opens up new avenues for inquiry our study variation. apply this framework three case studies illustrate diversity sex variation, from decoupling phenotypes evolutionary ecological consequences intrasexual polymorphisms. instead assuming binary systems, some may be better categorized multivariate nonbinary. Finally, we conduct meta-analysis terms scientific literature highlight how model can clarify, rather than cloud, within across species. such expanded equips us understand processes, biologists, it incumbent upon push back against misunderstandings biology enact harm on marginalized communities.

Язык: Английский

---

Peptide analysis of tooth enamel – A sex estimation tool for archaeological, anthropological, or forensic research

Journal of Separation Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(15)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Proteomics has become an attractive method to study human and animal material, biological profile, origin as alternative DNA analysis. It is limited by amplification in ancient samples its contamination, high cost, preservation of nuclear DNA. Currently, three approaches are available estimate sex–osteology, genomics, or proteomics, but little known about the relative reliability these methods applied settings. provides a new, seemingly simple, relatively non‐expensive way sex estimation without risk contamination. Proteins can be preserved hard teeth tissue (enamel) for tens thousands years. uses two sexually distinct forms protein amelogenin tooth enamel detectable liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry; Y isoform present dental only males, while X found both sexes. From point view archaeological, anthropological, forensic research applications, reduced destruction used essential, well minimum requirements sample size.

Язык: Английский

---

The genomics and evolution of inter-sexual mimicry and female-limited polymorphisms in damselflies

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1), С. 83 - 97

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Sex-limited morphs can provide profound insights into the evolution and genomic architecture of complex phenotypes. Inter-sexual mimicry is one particular type sex-limited polymorphism in which a novel morph resembles opposite sex. While inter-sexual mimics are known both sexes diverse range animals, their evolutionary origin poorly understood. Here, we investigated basis female-limited male common bluetail damselfly. Differential gene expression between has been documented damselflies, but no causal locus previously identified. We found that originated an ancestrally sexually dimorphic lineage association with multiple structural changes, probably driven by transposable element activity. These changes resulted ~900 kb content partly shared close relative, indicating trans-species polymorphism. More recently, third following translocation part male-mimicry sequence position ~3.5 mb apart. evidence balancing selection maintaining mimicry, line previous field population studies. Our results underscore how variants affecting handful potentially regulatory genes morph-specific give rise to phenotypic polymorphisms.

Язык: Английский

---

Sexual conflict drive in the rapid evolution of new gametogenesis genes

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 159-160, С. 27 - 37

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Язык: Английский

---

Sex-biased juvenile hormone and gene expression underlie sex difference of stress resistance in the American cockroach

Journal of Pest Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

No evidence of negative frequency-dependent selection in alternative reproductive tactics in a bulb mite

Animal Behaviour, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 123048 - 123048

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---