Journal of Advanced Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
which
is
a
chronic
neurodegenerative
disorder,
marked
by
the
progressive
deteriorations
in
learning
and
memory
capabilities.
The
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
has
come
to
be
regarded
as
crucial
element
relation
pathogenesis
well
treatment
of
AD.
Eucommiae
cortex
polysaccharides
(EPs),
being
among
most
plentiful
substances
present
cortex,
show
potential
exert
immunomodulatory
neuroprotective
function.
However,
whether
EPs
are
protective
against
AD
their
mechanism
action
remain
investigated
OBJECTIVES:
We
hypothesize
that
can
regulate
brain
glutamine
metabolism
through
gut
microbiota
butyric
acid
metabolized
them,
improve
oxidative
stress
autophagy
brain,
thus
alleviate
In
study,
we
used
(0.25
%
w/w
food)
fecal
transplantation,
butyrate
supplementation
(0.1
M
water),
intervene
mice.
Multi-omics
were
determine
AD-related
impairments.
Our
results
suggest
EPs,
functioning
prebiotic,
alleviated
impairments
Mechanistically,
able
reshape
microbiota,
promote
growth
involved
short-chain
fatty
metabolism,
particularly
butyrate-producing
microbes.
produced
these
microbes
improves
microenvironment
modulating
mediated
glutamate
improving
mice,
inhibiting
formation
deposition
beta-amyloid
proteins.
Fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
further
confirm
this
conclusion.
highlighted
with
microbiota-dependent
manner
acid-metabolizing
bacteria
plays
central
role
regulating
microenvironmental
homeostasis.
Meanwhile,
study
provides
new
insights
into
natural
products.
The
gut
microbiota
can
produce
a
variety
of
microbial-derived
metabolites
to
influence
tumor
development.
Tryptophan,
an
essential
amino
acid
in
the
human
body,
be
converted
by
microorganisms
via
indole
pathway
such
as
Indole-3-Lactic
Acid
(ILA),
Indole-3-Propionic
(IPA),
Indole
Acetic
(IAA)
and
Indole-3-Aldehyde
(IAld).
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
play
key
roles
progression,
they
used
adjuvant
regimens
for
immunotherapy
or
chemotherapy.
Here,
we
summarize
recent
findings
on
common
microbial
provide
review
mechanisms
different
microenvironment.
We
further
discuss
limitations
current
metabolite
research
future
possibilities.
It
is
expected
will
new
strategies
clinical
therapy.
Immuno-stimulative
effect
of
chemotherapy
(ISECT)
is
recognized
as
a
potential
alternative
to
conventional
immunotherapies,
however,
the
clinical
application
constrained
by
its
inefficiency.
Metronomic
chemotherapy,
though
designed
overcome
these
limitations,
offers
inconsistent
results,
with
effectiveness
varying
based
on
cancer
types,
stages,
and
patient-specific
factors.
In
parallel,
wealth
preclinical
nanomaterials
holds
considerable
promise
for
ISECT
improvement
modulating
cancer-immunity
cycle.
area
biomedical
nanomaterials,
current
literature
reviews
mainly
concentrate
specific
category
nanotechnological
perspectives,
while
two
essential
issues
are
still
lacking,
i.e.,
comprehensive
analysis
addressing
causes
inefficiency
thorough
summary
elaborating
improvement.
This
review
thus
aims
fill
gaps
catalyze
further
development
in
this
field.
For
first
time,
comprehensively
discusses
It
then
meticulously
categorizes
six
types
improving
ISECT.
Subsequently,
practical
strategies
proposed
inefficient
ISECT,
along
detailed
discussion
exemplary
nanomedicines.
Finally,
provides
insights
into
challenges
perspectives
chemo-immunotherapy
innovations
nanomaterials.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 13, 2024
Mucosal-associated
invariant
T
(MAIT)
cells
play
diverse
roles
in
cancer,
infectious
diseases,
and
immunotherapy.
This
review
explores
their
intricate
involvement
from
early
detection
to
dual
functions
promoting
inflammation
mediating
anti-tumor
responses.
Within
the
solid
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
MAIT
can
acquire
an
‘exhausted’
state
secrete
tumor-promoting
cytokines.
On
other
hand,
are
highly
cytotoxic,
there
is
evidence
that
they
may
have
immune
response.
The
frequency
of
subsets
has
also
been
shown
prognostic
value
several
cancer
types.
Recent
innovative
approaches,
such
as
programming
with
chimeric
antigen
receptors
(CARs),
provide
a
novel
exciting
approach
utilizing
these
cell-based
Because
restricted
cell
receptor
(TCR)
recognize
common
antigen,
this
mitigates
potential
graft-versus-host
disease
(GVHD)
opens
possibility
using
allogeneic
off-the-shelf
therapies
cancer.
Additionally,
we
outline
interactions
microbiome
critical
role
diseases
how
impact
responses
cells.
Understanding
complex
lead
therapeutic
strategies
harnessing
targeting
capabilities
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(6), С. e008686 - e008686
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Background
The
association
between
gut
bacteria
and
the
response
to
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICI)
in
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
has
been
studied;
however,
multi-kingdom
microbiome
alterations
interactions
ICI-treated
HCC
cohorts
are
not
fully
understood.
Methods
From
November
2018
April
2022,
patients
receiving
ICI
treatment
for
advanced
were
prospectively
enrolled.
Herein,
we
investigated
microbiota
characterization
of
microbiome,
mycobiome,
metabolome
using
metagenomic,
ITS2,
metabolomic
data
sets
80
with
HCC.
Results
Our
findings
demonstrated
that
metabolites
differed
significantly
durable
clinical
benefit
(DCB)
non-durable
(NDB)
groups,
whereas
differences
smaller
fungi.
overall
diversity
fungi
before
was
higher
DCB
group
than
NDB
group,
difference
began
change
use
immunotherapy
after
6–8
weeks.
We
also
explored
microbes
established
18
bacterial
species
models
as
predictive
biomarkers
predicting
whether
is
sustained
(area
under
curve=75.63%),
screened
two
(
Actinomyces_sp_ICM47
,
Senegalimassilia_anaerobia
)
one
metabolite
(galanthaminone)
prognostic
survival
treated
ICI.
Conclusions
In
this
study,
status
microbiota,
including
bacteria,
fungi,
their
metabolites,
described
by
multiomics
sequencing
first
time
demonstrate
potential
taxa
efficacy,
biomarkers.
