Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
Glutamine
and
glutamate
are
interconverted
by
several
enzymes
alterations
in
this
metabolic
cycle
linked
to
cardiometabolic
traits.
Herein,
we
show
that
obesity-associated
insulin
resistance
is
characterized
decreased
plasma
white
adipose
tissue
glutamine-to-glutamate
ratios.
We
couple
these
stoichiometric
changes
perturbed
fat
cell
glutaminase
glutamine
synthase
messenger
RNA
protein
abundance,
which
together
promote
glutaminolysis.
In
human
adipocytes,
reductions
activity
aerobic
glycolysis
mitochondrial
oxidative
capacity
via
increases
hypoxia-inducible
factor
1α
lactate
levels
p38
mitogen-activated
kinase
signalling.
Systemic
inhibition
male
female
mice,
or
genetically
adipocytes
of
triggers
the
activation
thermogenic
gene
programs
inguinal
adipocytes.
Consequently,
knockout
mice
display
higher
energy
expenditure
improved
glucose
tolerance
compared
control
littermates,
even
under
high-fat
diet
conditions.
Altogether,
our
findings
highlight
adipocyte
turnover
as
an
important
determinant
health.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
386(8), С. 768 - 779
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022
Adipose
tissue
can
more
than
double
in
mass
and
then
return
to
baseline.
This
review
discusses
the
functional
roles
of
human
white
brown
adipose
its
excess
obesity,
as
well
far-reaching,
complementary
physiological
endocrine
system.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022
Irisin,
out-membrane
part
of
fibronectin
type
III
domain–containing
5
protein
(FNDC5),
was
activated
by
Peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
γ
(PPARγ)
coactivator-1α
(PGC-1α)
during
physical
exercise
in
skeletal
muscle
tissues.
Most
studies
have
reported
that
the
concentration
irisin
is
highly
associated
with
health
status.
For
instance,
level
significantly
lower
patients
obesity,
osteoporosis/fractures,
atrophy,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
and
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs)
but
higher
cancer.
Irisin
can
bind
to
its
integrin
αV/β5
induce
browning
white
fat,
maintain
glucose
stability,
keep
bone
homeostasis,
alleviate
cardiac
injury.
However,
it
unclear
whether
works
directly
binding
receptors
regulate
regeneration,
promote
neurogenesis,
liver
inhibit
cancer
development.
Supplementation
recombinant
or
exercise-activated
might
be
a
successful
strategy
fight
osteoporosis,
injury,
CVDs
one
go.
Here,
we
summarize
publications
FNDC5/irisin
from
PubMed/Medline,
Scopus,
Web
Science
until
March
2022,
review
role
physiology
pathology.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
609(7925), С. 151 - 158
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022
Abstract
Compelling
evidence
shows
that
brown
and
beige
adipose
tissue
are
protective
against
metabolic
diseases
1,2
.
PR
domain-containing
16
(PRDM16)
is
a
dominant
activator
of
the
biogenesis
adipocytes
by
forming
complex
with
transcriptional
epigenetic
factors
therefore
an
attractive
target
for
improving
health
3–8
However,
lack
knowledge
surrounding
regulation
PRDM16
protein
expression
hampered
us
from
selectively
targeting
this
pathway.
Here
we
identify
CUL2–APPBP2
as
ubiquitin
E3
ligase
determines
stability
catalysing
its
polyubiquitination.
Inhibition
sufficiently
extended
half-life
promoted
adipocyte
biogenesis.
By
contrast,
elevated
was
found
in
aged
tissues
repressed
thermogenesis
degrading
protein.
Importantly,
adipocyte-specific
deletion
counteracted
diet-induced
obesity,
glucose
intolerance,
insulin
resistance
dyslipidaemia
mice.
These
results
offer
cell-autonomous
route
to
activate
pathway
tissues.
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
47(5), С. 595 - 611
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2023
In
this
review,
we
provide
a
brief
synopsis
of
the
connections
between
adipose
tissue
and
metabolic
health
highlight
some
recent
developments
in
understanding
exploiting
adipocyte
biology.
Adipose
plays
critical
roles
regulation
systemic
glucose
lipid
metabolism
secretes
bioactive
molecules
possessing
endocrine,
paracrine,
autocrine
functions.
Dysfunctional
has
detrimental
impact
on
is
intimately
involved
key
aspects
diseases
such
as
insulin
resistance,
overload,
inflammation,
organelle
stress.
Differences
distribution
fat
depots
characteristics
relate
to
divergent
degrees
dysfunction
found
metabolically
healthy
unhealthy
obese
individuals.
Thermogenic
adipocytes
increase
energy
expenditure
via
mitochondrial
uncoupling
or
adenosine
triphosphate-consuming
futile
substrate
cycles,
while
functioning
sink
participating
crosstalk
with
other
organs.
Manipulation
provides
wealth
opportunities
intervene
combat
progression
associated
diseases.
We
discuss
current
treatment
modalities
for
obesity
including
incretin
hormone
analogs
touch
upon
emerging
strategies
therapeutic
potential
exosome-based
therapy,
pharmacological
activation
brown
beige
thermogenesis,
administration
inhibition
adipocyte-derived
factors.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(6), С. 1184 - 1203
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Futile
cycles
are
biological
phenomena
where
two
opposing
biochemical
reactions
run
simultaneously,
resulting
in
a
net
energy
loss
without
appreciable
productivity.
Such
state
was
presumed
to
be
aberration
and
thus
deemed
an
energy-wasting
"futile"
cycle.
However,
multiple
pieces
of
evidence
suggest
that
utilities
emerge
from
futile
cycles.
A
few
established
functions
control
metabolic
sensitivity,
modulate
homeostasis,
drive
adaptive
thermogenesis.
Yet,
the
physiological
regulation,
implication,
pathological
relevance
most
remain
poorly
studied.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
abundance
versatility
propose
classification
scheme.
We
further
discuss
energetic
implications
various
their
impact
on
basal
rate,
bona
fide
tentative
pathophysiological
implications,
putative
drug
interactions.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Metabolic
syndrome
(MetS)
is
a
difficult-to-manage
disease
that
poses
significant
risk
to
human
health.
Here,
we
show
the
supplementation
of
Lactobacillus
reuteri
ZJ617
ameliorates
symptoms
MetS
in
mice
induced
by
high-fat
diet.
L.
modulates
host
metabolism
interacting
with
microbiome,
resulting
production
spermidine
synthesized
microbiota.
serves
as
source
substrates
for
microbiota
synthesize
spermidine,
hence
preventing
decline
bacteria
responsible
production.
Spermidine
treatment
mimics
metabolic
effects
ZJ617,
whereas
pharmacological
inhibition
biosynthesis
abolishes
these
benefits.
Our
findings
reveal
mechanism
which
alleviates
and
provide
support
its
potential
use
probiotic
promoting
Intestinal
commensal
are
closely
associated
authors
mitigates
supplying
substrate
S-adenosylmethionine
spermidine-producing
promote
synthesis
intestine.
