American Journal of Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
178(4), С. 313 - 320
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2020
Objective:
Children
exposed
to
severe,
chronic
stress
are
vulnerable
mental
and
physical
health
problems
across
the
lifespan.
To
explain
how
these
develop,
neuroimmune
network
hypothesis
suggests
that
early-life
initiates
a
positive
feedback
loop
between
peripheral
inflammatory
cells
networked
brain
regions
involved
in
threat
reward
processing.
The
authors
sought
test
this
by
studying
sample
of
urban
children
from
diverse
socioeconomic
backgrounds.
Methods:
examined
basic
predictions
207
(mean
age=13.9
years,
63%
female;
33%
Black;
30%
Hispanic),
focusing
on
poverty
as
stressor.
had
fasting
blood
drawn
quantify
five
biomarkers—C-reactive
protein,
tumor
necrosis
factor-α,
interleukins-6,
-8,
-10—which
were
averaged
form
composite
score.
also
completed
two
functional
MRI
tasks,
which
measured
amygdala
responsivity
angry
facial
expressions
ventral
striatum
monetary
rewards.
Results:
Poverty
status
neural
interacted
statistically
predict
inflammation.
Among
living
poverty,
was
positively
associated
with
inflammation,
same
true
for
reward.
As
children’s
conditions
improved,
brain-immune
associations
became
weaker.
In
sensitivity
analyses,
patterns
robust
alternative
measures
independent
age,
sex,
racial
ethnic
identity,
pubertal
status.
condition
specific;
no
interactions
apparent
neutral
faces,
or
striatal
losses.
Conclusions:
These
findings
suggest
childhood
is
accentuated
neural-immune
signaling,
consistent
hypothesis.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
119(5)
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2022
Significance
This
study
demonstrates
the
causal
impact
of
a
poverty
reduction
intervention
on
early
childhood
brain
activity.
Data
from
Baby’s
First
Years
study,
randomized
control
trial,
show
that
predictable,
monthly
unconditional
cash
transfer
given
to
low-income
families
may
have
infant
In
context
greater
economic
resources,
children’s
experiences
changed,
and
their
activity
adapted
those
experiences.
The
resultant
patterns
been
shown
be
associated
with
development
subsequent
cognitive
skills.
Algorithmic
biases
that
favor
majority
populations
pose
a
key
challenge
to
the
application
of
machine
learning
for
precision
medicine.
Here,
we
assessed
such
bias
in
prediction
models
behavioral
phenotypes
from
brain
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging.
We
examined
using
two
independent
datasets
(preadolescent
versus
adult)
mixed
ethnic/racial
composition.
When
predictive
were
trained
on
data
dominated
by
white
Americans
(WA),
out-of-sample
errors
generally
higher
African
(AA)
than
WA.
This
toward
WA
corresponds
more
WA-like
brain-behavior
association
patterns
learned
models.
AA
only,
compared
training
only
or
an
equal
number
and
participants,
accuracy
improved
but
stayed
below
Overall,
results
point
need
caution
further
research
regarding
current
minority
populations.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
38(13), С. 110600 - 110600
Опубликована: Март 1, 2022
Several
mental
illnesses,
characterized
by
aberrant
stress
reactivity,
often
arise
after
early-life
adversity
(ELA).
However,
it
is
unclear
how
ELA
affects
stress-related
brain
circuit
maturation,
provoking
these
enduring
vulnerabilities.
We
find
that
increases
functional
excitatory
synapses
onto
stress-sensitive
hypothalamic
corticotropin-releasing
hormone
(CRH)-expressing
neurons,
resulting
from
disrupted
developmental
synapse
pruning
adjacent
microglia.
Microglial
process
dynamics
and
synaptic
element
engulfment
were
attenuated
in
mice,
associated
with
deficient
signaling
of
the
microglial
phagocytic
receptor
MerTK.
Accordingly,
selective
chronic
chemogenetic
activation
microglia
increased
reduced
density
to
control
levels.
Notably,
normalized
adult
acute
responses,
including
stress-induced
secretion
behavioral
threat
as
well
adrenal
hypertrophy
mice.
Thus,
actions
during
development
are
powerful
contributors
mechanisms
which
sculpts
connectivity
stress-regulating
promoting
vulnerability
illnesses.
NeuroImage,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
270, С. 119946 - 119946
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023
Characterizing
the
optimal
fMRI
paradigms
for
detecting
behaviorally
relevant
functional
connectivity
(FC)
patterns
is
a
critical
step
to
furthering
our
knowledge
of
neural
basis
behavior.
Previous
studies
suggested
that
FC
derived
from
task
paradigms,
which
we
refer
as
task-based
FC,
are
better
correlated
with
individual
differences
in
behavior
than
resting-state
but
consistency
and
generalizability
this
advantage
across
conditions
was
not
fully
explored.
Using
data
three
tasks
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
Study
®
(ABCD),
tested
whether
observed
improvement
behavioral
prediction
power
can
be
attributed
changes
brain
activity
induced
by
design.
We
decomposed
time
course
each
into
model
fit
(the
fitted
condition
regressors
single-subject
general
linear
model)
residuals,
calculated
their
respective
compared
performance
these
estimates
original
FC.
The
residual
at
predicting
measure
cognitive
ability
or
two
measures
on
tasks.
superior
content-specific
insofar
it
only
probed
similar
constructs
predicted
interest.
To
surprise,
parameters,
beta
regressors,
were
equally
if
more
predictive
all
measures.
These
results
showed
afforded
largely
driven
associated
Together
previous
studies,
findings
highlighted
importance
design
eliciting
meaningful
activation
patterns.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
26(11), С. 6619 - 6629
Опубликована: Май 14, 2021
Poverty,
as
assessed
by
several
socioeconomic
(SES)
factors,
has
been
linked
to
worse
cognitive
performance
and
reduced
cortical
brain
volumes
in
children.
However,
the
relative
contributions
of
various
SES
factors
on
development
mediating
effects
between
cognition
morphometry
have
not
investigated.
Here
we
used
cross-sectional
data
from
ABCD
Study
evaluate
associations
among
demographic
morphometrics,
their
reproducibility
two
independent
subsamples
3892
Among
family
income
(FI)
best
explained
individual
differences
test
scores
(stronger
for
crystallized
than
fluid
cognition),
volume
(CV),
thickness
(CT).
Other
that
showed
significant
with
morphometrics
included
parental
education
neighborhood
deprivation,
but
when
controlling
FI,
effect
sizes
were
negligible
regional
patterns
reproducible.
Mediation
analyses
scores,
which
surrogate
markers
children's
level
stimulation,
partially
mediated
association
FI
CT,
whereas
mediations
significant.
These
results
suggest
lack
supportive/educational
stimulation
children
low-income
families
might
drive
CV
CT.
Thus,
strategies
enhance
supportive
quality
could
help
counteract
negative
poverty
development.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
117(22), С. 12411 - 12418
Опубликована: Май 19, 2020
Genetic
factors
and
socioeconomic
status
(SES)
inequalities
play
a
large
role
in
educational
attainment,
both
have
been
associated
with
variations
brain
structure
cognition.
However,
genetics
SES
are
correlated,
no
prior
study
has
assessed
their
neural
associations
independently.
Here
we
used
polygenic
score
for
attainment
(EduYears-PGS),
as
well
SES,
longitudinal
of
551
adolescents
to
tease
apart
genetic
environmental
development
Subjects
received
structural
MRI
scan
at
ages
14
19.
At
time
points,
they
performed
three
working
memory
(WM)
tasks.
EduYears-PGS
were
correlated
(
