Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(9), С. 833 - 851

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can alter the pace neurodevelopment during childhood adolescence. These make contrasting predictions about whether adverse are accelerated delayed neurodevelopment. We contextualize these within context normative development cortical subcortical structure review existing evidence on structural to adjudicate between competing hypotheses. Although none fully consistent observed SES-related differences in development, suggests trajectories more a simply different developmental pattern than an acceleration

Язык: Английский

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Building towards an adolescent neural urbanome: Expanding environmental measures using linked external data (LED) in the ABCD study

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 65, С. 101338 - 101338

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Many recent studies have demonstrated that environmental contexts, both social and physical, an important impact on child adolescent neural behavioral development. The adoption of geospatial methods, such as in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, has facilitated exploration many contexts surrounding participants' residential locations without creating additional burdens for research participants (i.e., youth families) neuroscience studies. However, number linked databases increases, developing a framework considers various domains related to environments external their home becomes crucial. Such needs identify structural contextual factors may yield inequalities children's built natural environments; these differences may, turn, result downstream negative effects children from historically minoritized groups. In this paper, we develop – which describe "adolescent urbanome" use it categorize newly geocoded information incorporated into ABCD Study by Linked External Data (LED) Environment & Policy Working Group. We also highlight relationships between measures possible applications Neural Urbanome. Finally, provide recommendations considerations regarding responsible communication data, highlighting potential harm groups through misuse.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of Parent Income and Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Child Brain Structure

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(8), С. e2226208 - e2226208

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2022

Importance

Although different aspects of socioeconomic status (SES) may represent distinct risk factors for poor mental health in children, knowledge their differential and synergistic associations with the brain is limited.

Objective

To examine independent between SES child structure.

Design, Setting, Participants

We used baseline data from participants aged 9 to 10 years Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. These were collected 21 US sites September 2017 August 2018. Study recruited schools create a participant sample that closely reflects population.

Exposures

Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using area deprivation index. also on total parent or caregiver educational attainment (in years) household income-to-needs ratio.

Main Outcomes Measures

T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging assess measures cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volume.

Results

Data 8862 ABCD analyzed. The mean (SD) age 119.1 (7.5) months; there 4243 girls (47.9%) 4619 boys (52.1%). race ethnicity available 8857 participants: 173 (2.0%) Asian, 1099 (12.4%) Black African American, 1688 (19.1%) Hispanic, 4967 (56.1%) White, 930 (10.5%) reported multiple races ethnicities. Using 10-fold, within-sample split-half replication, we found neighborhood associated lower thickness following regions (η² = 0.004-0.009): cuneus (B[SE] −0.099 [0.013];P < .001), lateral occipital (B [SE] −0.088 [0.011];P orbitofrontal −0.072 [0.012];P lingual −0.104 paracentral −0.086 pericalcarine −0.077 postcentral −0.069 precentral −0.059 rostral middle frontal −0.076 superior parietal −0.060 .001). Exploratory analyses showed low attenuated presence high ratio 0.003-0.007).

Conclusions Relevance

findings this cross-sectional study suggest indicators have children’s A play protective role context attainment. This highlights importance considering joint future work.

Язык: Английский

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Why weight? Analytic approaches for large-scale population neuroscience data

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59, С. 101196 - 101196

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

Population-based neuroimaging studies that feature complex sampling designs enable researchers to generalize their results more widely. However, several theoretical and analytical questions pose challenges interested in these data. The following is a resource for using population-based We provide an overview of describe the differences between traditional model-based analyses survey-oriented design-based analyses. To elucidate key concepts, we leverage data from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (ABCD Study®), sample 11,878 9–10-year-olds United States. Analyses revealed modest sociodemographic discrepancies target population U.S. both recruited ABCD analytic with usable structural functional imaging In evaluating associations socioeconomic resources (i.e., constructs are tightly linked recruitment biases) metrics brain development, show approaches over-estimated household income under-estimated caregiver education total cortical volume surface area. Comparable were found models predicting neural function during two fMRI task paradigms. conclude recommendations Study® users cohorts broadly.

Язык: Английский

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Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, and White Matter Microstructure in Children

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. e2320276 - e2320276

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Importance Lower neighborhood and household socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with negative health outcomes altered brain structure in children. It is unclear whether such findings extend to white matter via what mechanisms. Objective To assess how SES independently children’s microstructure examine obesity cognitive performance (reflecting environmental sensory stimulation) plausible mediators. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study used baseline data from participants the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were collected at 21 US sites, school-based recruitment was represent population. Children aged 9 11 years their parents or caregivers completed assessments between October 1, 2016, 31, 2018. After exclusions, 8842 of 875 children ABCD included analyses. analysis conducted July December 19, 2022. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage derived area deprivation indices participants’ primary residence. Household factors total income highest parental educational attainment. Main Outcomes Measures A restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model quantify restricted normalized directional (RND; reflecting oriented myelin organization) isotropic (RNI; glial neuronal cell bodies) diffusion 31 major tracts. The RSI measurements scanner harmonized. Obesity assessed through body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight kilograms divided by height meters squared), age- sex-adjusted BMI z scores, waist circumference, cognition National Institutes Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, pubertal development stage, intracranial volume, mean head motion, twin siblingship. Results Among children, 4543 (51.4%) boys, (SD) age 9.9 (0.7) years. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that greater lower RSI-RND left superior longitudinal fasciculus (β = −0.055; 95% CI, −0.081 −0.028) forceps −0.040; −0.067 −0.013). attainment bilateral (eg, right hemisphere: β 0.053; 0.025-0.080) corticospinal pyramidal tract 0.042; 0.015-0.069). Structural equation score higher disadvantage: −0.012; −0.016 −0.009) −0.004; −0.006 −0.001) partially accounted associations RSI-RND. RSI-RNI most tracts inferior fasciculus: −0.042 [95% −0.073 −0.012]; anterior thalamic radiations: −0.045 −0.075 −0.014]), had similar primarily frontolimbic fornix: 0.046 0.019-0.074]; 0.045 0.018-0.072]). −0.048; −0.077 −0.020). Greater these 0.015; 0.011-0.020). Findings robust sensitivity analyses corroborated using tensor imaging. Conclusions Relevance In this study, both contexts suggested possible mediators associations. Future research on may benefit considering multiple perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental contributions to cognitive development: The role of cognitive stimulation

Developmental Review, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73, С. 101135 - 101135

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Early environmental experiences influence children's cognitive and neural development. In particular, stimulation, defined as inputs that engage the senses provide learning opportunities for children, fosters acquisition of knowledge across various domains. Low levels stimulation in early life may restrict opportunities, contributing to lasting consequences development later academic occupational achievement. This review delves into role related performance, available tools measuring settings, offers insights future research directions. addition, variability often linked differences socioeconomic status, create disparities access enriching foundation learning. We therefore briefly status also leverage evidence from intervention studies illustrate importance outcomes. Investigating on brain behavior is crucial developing effective strategies foster healthy all children unlocking their full potential.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of psychosocial adversity on brain and behaviour: an overview of existing knowledge and directions for future research

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(10), С. 3245 - 3267

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Environmental experiences play a critical role in shaping the structure and function of brain. Its plasticity response to different external stimuli has been focus research efforts for decades. In this review, we explore effects adversity on brain's its implications brain development, adaptation, emergence mental health disorders. We are focusing adverse events that emerge from immediate surroundings an individual, i.e., microenvironment. They include childhood maltreatment, peer victimisation, social isolation, affective loss, domestic conflict, poverty. also take into consideration exposure environmental toxins. Converging evidence suggests types may share common underlying mechanisms while exhibiting unique pathways. However, they often studied limiting our understanding their combined interconnected nature impact. The integration large, deep-phenotyping datasets collaborative can provide sufficient power analyse high dimensional profiles advance systematic mapping neuronal mechanisms. This review provides background future research, highlighting importance cumulative impact various adversities, through data-driven approaches integrative multimodal analysis techniques.

Язык: Английский

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The neurophysiological consequences of racism-related stressors in Black Americans

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 161, С. 105638 - 105638

Опубликована: Март 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The promise and pitfalls of a strength-based approach to child poverty and neurocognitive development: Implications for policy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 66, С. 101375 - 101375

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

There has been significant progress in understanding the effects of childhood poverty on neurocognitive development. This captured attention policymakers and promoted progressive policy reform. However, prevailing emphasis harms associated with may have inadvertently perpetuated a deficit-based narrative, focused presumed shortcomings children families poverty. focus can unintended consequences for (e.g., overlooking strengths) as well public discourse focusing individual rather than systemic factors). Here, we join scientists across disciplines arguing more well-rounded, "strength-based" approach, which incorporates positive and/or adaptive developmental responses to experiences social disadvantage. Specifically, first show value this approach normative brain development diverse human environments. We then highlight its application educational policy, explore pitfalls ethical considerations, offer practical solutions conducting strength-based research responsibly. Our paper re-ignites old recent calls paradigm shift, cognitive neuroscience. also unique perspective from new generation early-career researchers engaged work, several whom themselves grown up conditions Ultimately, argue that balanced scientific will be essential building effective policies.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of poverty and socioeconomic status on brain, behaviour, and development: a unified framework

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(6), С. 597 - 617

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

In this article, we, for the first time, provide a comprehensive overview and unified framework of impact poverty low socioeconomic status (SES) on brain behaviour. While there are many studies SES (including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, even neurotransmitters) behaviours educational attainment, language development, development psychopathological disorders), prior did not integrate behavioural, educational, neural findings in one framework. Here, we argue that behaviour interrelated. Specifically, based studies, due to lack resources, associated with poor nutrition, high levels stress caregivers their children, exposure socio-environmental hazards. These psychological physical injuries normal several areas neurotransmitters. Impaired functioning amygdala can lead disorders, while impaired hippocampus cortex functions delay learning as well academic performance. This turn perpetuates leading vicious cycle psychological/physical impairments. addition providing economic aid economically disadvantaged families, interventions should aim tackle abnormalities caused by early childhood. Importantly, acknowledging childhood help increase equity. current study, list future understand brain.

Язык: Английский

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