Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
While
most
of
the
cancer
immunotherapy
strategies
engage
adaptive
immunity,
especially
tumor-associated
T
cells,
small
fraction
responding
patients
and
types
cancers
amenable,
possibility
severe
adverse
effects
limit
its
usage.
More
effective
general
interventions
are
urgently
needed.
Recently,
a
de
facto
innate
immune
memory,
termed
‘trained
immunity’,
has
become
new
research
focal
point,
promises
to
be
powerful
tool
for
achieving
long-term
therapeutic
benefits
against
cancers.
Trained
immunity-inducing
agents
such
as
BCG
fungal
glucan
have
been
shown
able
avert
suppressive
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
enhance
cell
responses,
eventually
lead
regression.
Here,
we
review
current
understating
trained
immunity
induction
highlight
critical
roles
emergency
granulopoiesis,
interferon
γ
tissue-specific
induction.
Preclinical
clinical
studies
that
exploited
inducers
summarized,
repurposed
from
other
fields
proposed.
We
also
outline
challenges
opportunities
in
future
immunotherapies.
envisage
more
vaccines
will
combine
with
therapies.
Abstract
Cancer
vaccines
hold
great
potential
for
clinical
cancer
treatment
by
eliciting
T
cell‐mediated
immunity.
However,
the
limited
numbers
of
antigen‐presenting
cells
(APCs)
at
injection
sites,
insufficient
tumor
antigen
phagocytosis
APCs,
and
presence
a
strong
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
severely
compromise
efficacy
vaccines.
Trained
innate
immunity
may
promote
antigen‐specific
adaptive
Here,
personalized
vaccine
is
developed
engineering
inactivated
probiotic
Escherichia
coli
Nissle
1917
to
load
antigens
β‐glucan,
trained
inducer.
After
subcutaneous
injection,
delivering
model
OVA
(BG/OVA@EcN)
highly
accumulated
phagocytosed
macrophages
sites
induce
The
recruit
dendritic
(DCs)
facilitate
BG/OVA@EcN
subsequent
DC
maturation
cell
activation.
In
addition,
remarkably
enhances
circulating
monocytes/macrophages,
promoting
differentiation
into
M1‐like
in
tissues.
generates
prophylactic
therapeutic
inhibit
growth
inducing
potent
antitumor
long‐term
immune
memory.
Importantly,
autologous
efficiently
prevents
postoperative
recurrence.
This
platform
offers
facile
translatable
strategy
integrate
immunotherapy.
Trained
immunity
is
one
of
the
mechanisms
by
which
BCG
vaccination
confers
persistent
nonspecific
protection
against
diverse
diseases.
Genomic
differences
between
different
vaccine
strains
that
are
in
global
use
could
result
variable
tuberculosis
and
therapeutic
effects
on
bladder
cancer.
In
this
study,
we
found
four
representative
(BCG-Russia,
BCG-Sweden,
BCG-China,
BCG-Pasteur)
covering
all
genetic
clusters
differed
their
ability
to
induce
trained
protection.
The
induced
was
associated
with
Akt-mTOR-HIF1α
axis,
glycolysis,
NOD-like
receptor
signaling
pathway.
Multi-omics
analysis
(epigenomics,
transcriptomics,
metabolomics)
showed
linoleic
acid
metabolism
correlated
immunity–inducing
capacity
strains.
Linoleic
participated
induction
act
as
adjuvants
enhance
BCG-induced
immunity,
revealing
a
pathway
be
used
adjuvant
development.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(19)
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024
Intravesical
Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin
(BCG)
is
a
well-established
strategy
for
managing
high-risk
nonmuscle-invasive
bladder
cancer
(NMIBC);
however,
over
half
of
patients
still
experience
disease
recurrence
or
progression.
Although
the
combined
intravesical
instillation
various
chemotherapeutic
drugs
implemented
in
clinical
trials
to
enhance
BCG
therapy,
outcome
far
from
satisfying
due
severe
irritative
effects
and
treatment
intolerance
at
high
doses.
Therefore,
it
adopted
"biotin-streptavidin
strategy"
doxorubicin
(DOX)-encapsulated
nanoparticles
within
live
bacteria
(DOX@BCG)
improve
outcomes.
Adherence
epithelium
helps
precisely
target
DOX@BCG
local
tumor
cells
simultaneously
increases
intratumoral
transport
therapeutic
drugs.
effectively
inhibits
progression
prolongs
survival
rats/mice
with
orthotopic
owing
synergism
between
BCG-immunotherapy,
DOX-chemotherapy,
DOX-induced
immunogenic
cell
death;
furthermore,
exhibits
improved
tolerance
biosafety,
establishes
antitumor
immunity
microenvironment.
drug-loaded
bacterial
delivery
system
holds
considerable
potential
translation
cancer.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
While
most
of
the
cancer
immunotherapy
strategies
engage
adaptive
immunity,
especially
tumor-associated
T
cells,
small
fraction
responding
patients
and
types
cancers
amenable,
possibility
severe
adverse
effects
limit
its
usage.
More
effective
general
interventions
are
urgently
needed.
Recently,
a
de
facto
innate
immune
memory,
termed
‘trained
immunity’,
has
become
new
research
focal
point,
promises
to
be
powerful
tool
for
achieving
long-term
therapeutic
benefits
against
cancers.
Trained
immunity-inducing
agents
such
as
BCG
fungal
glucan
have
been
shown
able
avert
suppressive
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
enhance
cell
responses,
eventually
lead
regression.
Here,
we
review
current
understating
trained
immunity
induction
highlight
critical
roles
emergency
granulopoiesis,
interferon
γ
tissue-specific
induction.
Preclinical
clinical
studies
that
exploited
inducers
summarized,
repurposed
from
other
fields
proposed.
We
also
outline
challenges
opportunities
in
future
immunotherapies.
envisage
more
vaccines
will
combine
with
therapies.
