Large-scale death of retinal astrocytes during normal development is non-apoptotic and implemented by microglia DOI Creative Commons
Vanessa M. Puñal, Caitlin E. Paisley, Federica S. Brecha

и другие.

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(10), С. e3000492 - e3000492

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2019

Naturally occurring cell death is a fundamental developmental mechanism for regulating numbers and sculpting developing organs. This particularly true in the nervous system, where large of neurons oligodendrocytes are eliminated via apoptosis during normal development. Given profound impact upon these two major populations, it surprising that another type—the astrocyte—has rarely been studied. It presently unclear whether astrocytes subject to significant death, if so, how occurs. Here, we address questions using mouse retinal as our model system. We show total number declines by over 3-fold period spanning postnatal days 5–14. Surprisingly, do not die apoptosis, canonical underlying vast majority death. Instead, find microglia engulf promote their removal. Genetic ablation inhibits astrocyte leading larger population size at end period. However, completely blocked absence microglia, apparently due ability each other. Nevertheless, mice lacking showed anatomical changes network, with functional consequences astrocyte-associated vasculature hemorrhage. These results establish novel modality naturally demonstrate its importance formation integrity gliovascular network.

Язык: Английский

Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons DOI Creative Commons
Lynette Lim, Da Mi, Alfredo Llorca

и другие.

Neuron, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 100(2), С. 294 - 313

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

603

Development and Arealization of the Cerebral Cortex DOI Creative Commons
Cathryn R. Cadwell, Aparna Bhaduri, Mohammed A. Mostajo-Radji

и другие.

Neuron, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 103(6), С. 980 - 1004

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

336

New insights into the development of the human cerebral cortex DOI Creative Commons
Zoltán Molnár, Gavin J. Clowry, Nenad Šestan

и другие.

Journal of Anatomy, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 235(3), С. 432 - 451

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2019

The cerebral cortex constitutes more than half the volume of human brain and is presumed to be responsible for neuronal computations underlying complex phenomena, such as perception, thought, language, attention, episodic memory voluntary movement. Rodent models are extremely valuable investigation development, but cannot provide insight into aspects that unique or highly derived in humans. Many psychiatric neurological conditions have developmental origins studied adequately animal models. has some genetic, molecular, cellular anatomical features, which need further explored. Anatomical Society devoted its summer meeting topic Human Brain Development June 2018 tackle these important issues. was organized by Gavin Clowry (Newcastle University) Zoltán Molnár (University Oxford), held at St John's College, Oxford. participants provided a broad overview structure context scaling relationships across brains mammals, conserved principles recent changes lineage. Speakers considered how progenitors diversified generate an increasing variety cortical neurons. formation earliest circuits generated neurons subplate discussed together with their involvement neurodevelopmental pathologies. Gene expression networks susceptibility genes associated diseases were compared can identified organoids developed from induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate vivo development. New views on specification glutamatergic pyramidal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons. With advancement various imaging methods, histopathological observations now linked normal diseases. Our review gives general evaluation exciting new developments areas. much enlarged association greater interconnectivity areas each other expanded thalamus. relative enlargement upper layers, enhanced diversity function inhibitory interneurons transient layer during Here we highlight studies address differences emerge development focusing diverse facets our evolution.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

321

Transient cortical circuits match spontaneous and sensory-driven activity during development DOI
Zoltán Molnár, Heiko J. Luhmann, Patrick O. Kanold

и другие.

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 370(6514)

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2020

At the earliest developmental stages, spontaneous activity synchronizes local and large-scale cortical networks. These networks form functional template for establishment of global thalamocortical architecture. The connections are established autonomously. However, from sensory periphery reshapes these circuits as soon afferents reach cortex. early-generated, largely transient neurons subplate play a key role in integrating sensory-driven activity. Early pathological conditions-such hypoxia, inflammation, or exposure to pharmacological compounds-alter patterns, which subsequently induce disturbances network This dysfunction may lead miswiring and, at later can be associated with neurological psychiatric conditions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

236

Interneuron Types as Attractors and Controllers DOI
Gord Fishell, Ádám Kepecs

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 43(1), С. 1 - 30

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2019

Cortical interneurons display striking differences in shape, physiology, and other attributes, challenging us to appropriately classify them. We previously suggested that interneuron types should be defined by their role cortical processing. Here, we revisit the question of how codify diversity based upon division labor function as controllers information flow. suggest developmental trajectories provide a guide for appreciating argue subtype identity is generated using configurational (rather than combinatorial) code transcription factors produce attractor states underlying gene regulatory network. present our updated three-stage model specification: an initial cardinal step, allocating into few major classes, followed definitive refinement, creating subclasses settling within cortex, lastly, state determination, reflecting incorporation functional circuit ensembles. close discussing findings indicating classes are both evolutionarily ancient conserved. propose complexity circuits phylogenetically old types, complemented evolutionary increase principal neuron diversity. This suggests natural neurobiological definition might derived from match between origin computational function.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

177

Layer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas DOI Creative Commons
Federico Scala, Dmitry Kobak, Shan Shen

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2019

Abstract Layer 4 (L4) of mammalian neocortex plays a crucial role in cortical information processing, yet complete census its cell types and connectivity remains elusive. Using whole-cell recordings with morphological recovery, we identified one major excitatory seven inhibitory neurons L4 adult mouse visual cortex (V1). Nearly all were pyramidal somatostatin-positive (SOM + ) non-fast-spiking interneurons Martinotti cells. In contrast, somatosensory (S1), mostly stellate SOM non-Martinotti. These morphologically distinct corresponded to different transcriptomic differentially integrated into the local circuit only S1 receiving input. We propose that type specific motifs, such as Martinotti/pyramidal non-Martinotti/stellate pairs, are used across building blocks assemble circuits.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

170

Role of the Immune System in the Development of the Central Nervous System DOI Creative Commons

Keiko Morimoto,

Kazunori Nakajima

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2019

The central nervous system and the immune are both intricate highly organized systems that regulate entire body, with sharing certain common features in developmental mechanisms operational modes. It is known innate immunity-related molecules, such as cytokines, toll-like receptors, complement family, acquired major histocompatibility complex antibody also expressed brain play important roles development. Moreover, although has previously been regarded an immune-privileged site, it to contain lymphatic vessels. Not only microglia but lymphocytes cognition a vital role formation of neuronal circuits. This review provides overview function cells molecules system, particular emphasis on their effect neural processes.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

164

The role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders DOI
Xin Tang, Rudolf Jaenisch, Mriganka Sur

и другие.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(5), С. 290 - 307

Опубликована: Март 26, 2021

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

142

Mouse and human share conserved transcriptional programs for interneuron development DOI
Yingchao Shi, Mengdi Wang, Da Mi

и другие.

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 374(6573)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2021

Surveying brain interneuron development As transient structures in early development, the ganglionic eminences generate dozens of different types interneurons that go on to migrate throughout and weave together developing brain. Shi et al . analyzed human fetal eminences. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed unexpected diversity progenitor cells involved. The eminence depends more heavily intermediate as workhorses than does neocortex, with its greater reliance radial glial cells. —PJH

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

133

Cortical interneurons in autism DOI
Anis Contractor, Iryna M. Ethell, Carlos Portera‐Cailliau

и другие.

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(12), С. 1648 - 1659

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

119