Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
the
bile
acid
regulates
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
through
gut
microbiota-host
interactions.
However,
mechanisms
underlying
such
interactions
have
been
unclear.
Here,
we
found
glycoursodeoxycholic
(GUDCA)
positively
microbiota
by
altering
metabolism.
GUDCA
in
mice
resulted
higher
taurolithocholic
(TLCA)
level
and
Bacteroides
vulgatus
abundance.
Together,
these
changes
activation
of
adipose
G-protein-coupled
receptor,
GPBAR1
(TGR5)
upregulated
expression
uncoupling
protein
UCP-1,
resulting
elevation
white
tissue
thermogenesis.
The
anti-T2DM
effects
are
linked
with
regulation
composition.
This
study
metabolism,
modifying
may
be
value
for
treatment
T2DM.
Brain Research Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
182, С. 44 - 56
Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2022
Depression
is
the
most
common
mental
disorder
and
a
leading
cause
of
disability
worldwide.
Despite
abundant
research,
precise
mechanisms
underlying
pathophysiology
depression
remain
elusive.
Accumulating
evidence
from
preclinical
clinical
studies
suggests
that
alterations
in
gut
microbiota,
microbe-derived
short-chain
fatty
acids,
D-amino
acids
metabolites
play
key
role
via
brain–gut–microbiota
axis,
including
neural
immune
systems.
Notably,
axis
might
crucial
susceptibility
versus
resilience
rodents
exposed
to
stress.
Vagotomy
reported
block
depression-like
phenotypes
after
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
"depression-related"
microbiome,
suggesting
vagus
nerve
influences
through
axis.
In
this
article,
we
review
recent
findings
regarding
discuss
its
potential
as
therapeutic
target
for
depression.
Nature Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
28(2), С. 303 - 314
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
Abstract
Previous
microbiome
and
metabolome
analyses
exploring
non-communicable
diseases
have
paid
scant
attention
to
major
confounders
of
study
outcomes,
such
as
common,
pre-morbid
co-morbid
conditions,
or
polypharmacy.
Here,
in
the
context
ischemic
heart
disease
(IHD),
we
used
a
design
that
recapitulates
initiation,
escalation
response
treatment
over
time,
mirroring
longitudinal
would
otherwise
be
difficult
perform
given
protracted
nature
IHD
pathogenesis.
We
recruited
1,241
middle-aged
Europeans,
including
healthy
individuals,
individuals
with
dysmetabolic
morbidities
(obesity
type
2
diabetes)
but
lacking
overt
diagnosis
at
three
distinct
clinical
stages—acute
coronary
syndrome,
chronic
failure—and
characterized
their
phenome,
gut
metagenome
serum
urine
metabolome.
found
about
75%
features
distinguish
from
after
adjustment
for
effects
medication
lifestyle
are
present
exhibiting
dysmetabolism,
suggesting
alterations
might
begin
long
before
onset
IHD.
further
categorized
signatures
related
prodromal
specific
general
each
its
subtypes
de-escalation
Discriminant
analysis
based
on
could
better
differentiate
metabolically
matched
compared
conventional
risk
markers,
pointing
pathophysiological
relevance
these
features.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021
From
early
life
to
adulthood,
the
microbiota
play
a
crucial
role
in
health
of
infant.
The
are
not
only
key
regulator
infant
but
also
associated
with
long-term
health.
Pregnancy
is
golden
time
for
establishment
microbiota,
which
affected
by
both
environmental
and
genetic
factors.
Recently,
there
an
explosion
studies
on
human
diseases,
application
disease
or
relatively
limited
because
many
aspects
remain
controversial,
especially
about
microbiota.
Therefore,
critical
conclusive
review
necessary
understand
fully
relationship
between
In
this
article,
we
introduce
detail
from
pregnancy
main
contents
article
include
maternal
adverse
outcomes,
neonatal
during
perinatal
period
life,
composition
gut
prediction
health,
future
study
directions
Accumulating
evidence
indicates
that
gut
transit
time
is
a
key
factor
in
shaping
the
microbiota
composition
and
activity,
which
are
linked
to
human
health.
Both
population-wide
small-scale
studies
have
identified
as
top
covariate
contributing
large
interindividual
variation
faecal
composition.
Despite
this,
still
rarely
being
considered
field
of
microbiome.
Here,
we
review
latest
research
describing
how
why
whole
segmental
times
vary
substantially
between
within
individuals,
variations
impact
composition,
diversity
metabolism.
Furthermore,
discuss
mechanisms
by
may
causally
affect
motility.
We
argue
taking
into
account
intraindividual
differences
time,
can
advance
our
understanding
diet–microbiota
interactions
disease-related
microbiome
signatures,
since
these
often
be
confounded
transient
or
persistent
alterations
time.
Altogether,
better
complex,
bidirectional
required
understand
health
disease.
