Microevolution of Cryptococcus neoformans in high CO2 converges on mutations isolated from patients with relapsed cryptococcosis

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 44(3), С. 115349 - 115349

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Molecules-mediated bidirectional interactions between microbes and human cells

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Complex molecules-mediated interactions, which are based on the bidirectional information exchange between microbes and human cells, enable defense against diseases health maintenance. Recently, diverse single-direction interactions active metabolites, immunity factors, quorum sensing signals have largely been summarized separately. In this review, according to a simplified timeline, we proposed framework of Molecules-mediated Bidirectional Interactions (MBI) microbe humans decipher understand their intricate systematically. About microbe-derived various molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile tryptophan catabolites, corresponding receptors. Concerning human-derived reviewed effect including hormones, cytokines, other circulatory metabolites microbial characteristics phenotypes. Finally, discussed challenges trends for developing deciphering molecule-mediated potential applications in guard health.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the fungal frontier: mycological insights into inflammatory bowel disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent gastrointestinal that seriously affects the quality of life patients around world. It characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucous bloody stools. There an urgent need for more accurate diagnosis effective treatment IBD. Accumulated evidence suggests gut microbiota plays important role in occurrence development inflammation. However, most studies on IBD have focused bacteria, while fungal microorganisms been neglected. Fungal dysbiosis can activate host protective immune pathway related to integrity epithelial barrier release variety pro-inflammatory cytokines trigger inflammatory response. Dectin-1, CARD9, IL-17 signaling pathways may be drivers dysbacteriosis In addition, fungal-bacterial interactions fungal-derived metabolites also play role. Based this information, we explored new strategies targeting intestinal group its metabolites, such as probiotics, antifungal drugs, diet therapy, fecal transplantation (FMT). This review aims summarize pathogenesis IBD, provide insights directions further research emerging field.

Язык: Английский

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Host and Environmental Sensing by Entomopathogenic Fungi to Infect Hosts

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(4), С. 69 - 74

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

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“Under Pressure” – How fungi evade, exploit, and modulate cells of the innate immune system

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66, С. 101738 - 101738

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

The human immune system uses an arsenal of effector mechanisms to prevent and counteract infections. Yet, some fungal species are extremely successful as pathogens, which can be attributed a wide variety strategies by these fungi evade, exploit, modulate the system. These pathogens normally either harmless commensals or environmental fungi. In this review we discuss how commensalism, but also life in niche without contact, drive evolution diverse specialized evasion mechanisms. Correspondingly, contributing ability cause superficial life-threatening

Язык: Английский

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Exploiting antifungal immunity in the clinical context

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 67, С. 101752 - 101752

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Soluble Enolase 1 of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus Stimulates Human and Mouse B Cells and Monocytes

The Journal of Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 211(5), С. 804 - 815

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023

Because of the growing numbers immunocompromised patients, incidence life-threatening fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus is increasing. We have recently identified enolase 1 (Eno1) from A. as an immune evasion protein. Eno1 a moonlighting protein that mediates adhesion invasion human cells also through complement inactivation. now show soluble has immunostimulatory activity. observed both C. directly binds to surface lymphocytes, preferentially mouse B cells. Functionally, upregulated CD86 expression on induced proliferation. Although receptor for lymphocytes still unknown, comparison wild-type MyD88-deficient mice showed cell activation required MyD88 signaling. With respect infection biology, we noted stimulated secreted IgM IgG2b. These Igs bound hyphae in vitro, suggesting Eno1-induced Ab secretion might contribute protection invasive disease vivo. triggered release proinflammatory cytokines monocytes, particularly IL-6, which potent activator Together, our data shed new light role with fumigatus. these pathogenic microbes appears be double-edged sword supporting pathogenicity while triggering (antifungal) immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal mechanisms of intracellular survival: what can we learn from bacterial pathogens?

Infection and Immunity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91(9)

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

Fungal infections represent a major, albeit neglected, public health threat with serious medical and economic burdens globally. With unacceptably high mortality rates, invasive fungal pathogens are responsible for millions of deaths each year, steadily increasing incidence primarily in immunocompromised individuals. The poor therapeutic options rise antifungal drug resistance pose further challenges controlling these infections. These have adapted to survive within mammalian hosts can establish intracellular niches promote survival host immune cells. To do that, they developed diverse methods circumvent the innate system attack. This includes strategies such as altering their morphology, counteracting macrophage antimicrobial action, metabolic adaptation. is reminiscent how bacterial cells cause disease. However, relative great deal information available concerning pathogenesis, less known about mechanisms employ. Therefore, here we review our current knowledge recent advances understanding fungi evade persist will focus on major pathogens, including

Язык: Английский

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Sensing of protease activity as a triggering mechanism of Th2 cell immunity and allergic disease

Frontiers in Allergy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023

CD4 T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cells mediate host defense against extracellular parasites, like helminths. However, Th2 also play a pivotal role in the onset and progression of allergic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma, food allergy. This happens when allergens, which are otherwise harmless foreign proteins, mistakenly identified “pathogenic.” Consequently, encounter with these allergens triggers activation specific responses, leading to development reactions. Understanding molecular basis allergen sensing is vital for comprehending how responses erroneously initiated individuals allergies. The presence protease activity house dust mites (HDM), pollen, fungi, or cockroaches, has been found significant triggering robust responses. In this review, we aim examine significance proteins initiation highlighting evolving sensor may contribute detect invading helminth but conversely can trigger unwanted reactions allergens. context, will explore recognition receptors activated by proteolytic enzymes present major their contribution Th2-mediated Furthermore, discuss coordinated efforts sensory neurons epithelial detecting subsequent intermediary cells, including mast innate lymphoid (ILC2s), ultimate integration all signals conventional dendritic (cDCs), induction On other hand, review highlights monocytes context exposure interaction cDCs mitigate undesirable aims provide insights into functions communications triggered detrimental promote mechanisms effectively suppress development.

Язык: Английский

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Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits Autophagy via Toll-like Receptor 4 and Drives M2 Polarization in Macrophages

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 230(2), С. 323 - 335

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, remains a prominent global health challenge. Macrophages are the frontline defense against MTB, relying on autophagy for intracellular bacterial clearance. However, MTB can combat and evade autophagy, it influences macrophage polarization, facilitating immune evasion promoting infection. We previously found that heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) inhibits in A549 cells; however, its role polarization unclear.

Язык: Английский

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