Journal of Neural Transmission,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Abstract
Aneurysmal
subarachnoid
hemorrhage
(aSAH)
is
a
debilitating
condition
with
significant
morbidity
and
mortality
rates.
Despite
advancements
in
treatment,
understanding
the
underlying
pathophysiology,
particularly
inflammatory
response,
remains
crucial
for
improving
patient
outcomes.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
presence
of
transmembrane
protein
119
(TMEM119)
microglial
cells
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
as
potential
marker
neuroinflammation
following
aSAH.
CSF
samples
were
collected
from
aSAH
patients,
pathological
healthy
controls,
processed,
analyzed
using
immunocytochemistry.
TMEM119-positive
consistently
identified
exhibiting
amoeboid
morphology
intense
staining.
Importantly,
detected
early
first
day
post-bleeding,
persisting
throughout
acute
phase
some
cases.
Analysis
consecutive
revealed
varying
trends
cell
numbers,
peak
during
initial
followed
by
gradual
decline.
Our
findings
suggest
that
microglia
may
migrate
into
aSAH,
potentially
serving
an
predictor
inflammatory-related
CNS
damage.
This
study
underscores
importance
neuroinflammatory
processes
opens
avenues
further
research
on
role
disorders
liquid
biopsy.
The
innate
immune
system
shapes
brain
development
and
is
implicated
in
neurodevelopmental
diseases.
It
critical
to
define
the
relevant
cells
signals
their
impact
on
circuits.
In
this
work,
we
found
that
group
2
lymphoid
(ILC2s)
cytokine
interleukin-13
(IL-13)
signaled
directly
inhibitory
interneurons
increase
synapse
density
developing
mouse
brain.
ILC2s
expanded
produced
IL-13
meninges.
Loss
of
or
signaling
decreased
inhibitory,
but
not
excitatory,
cortical
synapses.
Conversely,
were
sufficient
pathway
led
selective
impairments
social
interaction.
These
data
a
type
neuroimmune
circuit
early
life
behavior.
Neurobiology of Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
205, С. 106791 - 106791
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(ND)
are
characterized
by
the
accumulation
of
aggregated
proteins.
The
glymphatic
system,
through
its
rapid
exchange
mechanisms
between
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
and
interstitial
(ISF),
facilitates
movement
metabolic
substances
within
brain,
serving
functions
akin
to
those
peripheral
lymphatic
system.
This
emerging
waste
clearance
mechanism
offers
a
novel
perspective
on
removal
pathological
in
ND.
article
elucidates
recent
discoveries
regarding
system
updates
relevant
concepts
model.
It
discusses
potential
roles
ND,
including
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
multiple
atrophy
(MSA),
proposes
as
therapeutic
target
for
these
conditions.
Spinal
hypertrophic
pachymeningitis
(HP)
is
an
extremely
rare
disorder
characterized
by
the
thickening
of
spinal
dura
mater,
which
harbors
distinct
repertoires
immune
cells
due
to
unique
partitioning
arachnoid
blood-CSF
barrier.
The
objectives
were
identify
pathogenesis
and
therapeutic
strategies
for
HP.
This
retrospective
cohort
study
analyzed
clinical
pathologic
profiles
patients
with
idiopathic/immune-mediated
HP
including
Among
61
HP,
all
6
Japanese
a
median
observation
period
88.8
months,
myeloperoxidase
(MPO)-anti-neutrophil
cytoplasmic
antibody
(ANCA)-seropositive.
MPO-ANCA+
had
following
characteristics:
(1)
predominance
older
women;
(2)
classified
as
having
microscopic
polyangiitis
based
on
2022
American
College
Rheumatology/European
League
Against
Rheumatism
criteria;
(3)
83%
developed
subacute/chronic
myelopathy
extramedullary
cord
compression;
(4)
50%
lesion
extension
epidural
compartment
vertebral
column;
(5)
presented
chronic
sinusitis,
otitis
media,
or
mastoiditis;
(6)
33%
involvement
lower
airways
kidneys;
(7)
higher
disease
activity
nervous
system
was
noted
Birmingham
Vasculitis
Activity
Score
(BVAS),
in
contrast
cranial
HP;
(8)
granulomatous
inflammation
myofibroblasts,
granulocytes,
B-cell
follicle-like
structures
observed
thickened
mater;
(9)
immunotherapies
(with
without
surgical
decompression)
effective
reducing
modified
Rankin
Scale
score
reduced
BVAS
during
first
active
insults;
(10)
combined
glucocorticoids
cyclophosphamide/rituximab
helped
relapses
long
term;
(11)
decompression,
laminectomy
duraplasty,
necessary
compressive
myelopathy.
These
data
suggest
that
shares
common
features
(1,
2,
6,
8,
9,
10),
but
also
has
(3,
4,
5,
7,
11).
Our
findings
highlight
significant
pathogenic
role
ANCA
organ-threatening
disease,
should
be
positioned
characteristics,
whether
limited
CNS
part
generalized
form
ANCA-associated
vasculitis.
Trends in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
45(5), С. 329 - 337
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
Neurodegenerative
disorders
present
major
challenges
to
global
health,
exacerbated
by
an
aging
population
and
the
absence
of
therapies.
Despite
diverse
pathological
manifestations,
they
share
a
common
hallmark,
loosely
termed
'neuroinflammation'.
The
prevailing
dogma
is
that
immune
system
active
contributor
neurodegeneration;
however,
recent
evidence
this.
By
analogy
with
road
construction,
which
causes
temporary
closures
disruptions,
system's
actions
in
central
nervous
(CNS)
might
initially
appear
destructive,
even
cause
harm,
while
aiming
combat
neurodegeneration.
We
propose
application
cellular
immunotherapies
coordinate
response
towards
remodeling
pave
way
for
new
modes
tackling
roadblocks
neurodegenerative
diseases.
