Cell Proliferation,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
55(10)
Опубликована: Июль 20, 2022
Abstract
Objectives
Cognitive
dysfunction
has
been
identified
as
a
major
symptom
of
series
psychiatric
disorders.
Multidisciplinary
studies
have
shown
that
cognitive
is
monitored
by
two‐way
interaction
between
the
neural
and
immune
systems.
However,
specific
mechanisms
in
response
brain
remain
unclear.
Materials
methods
In
this
review,
we
summarized
relevant
research
to
uncover
our
comprehension
brain–immune
underlying
decline.
Results
The
pathophysiological
brain‐immune
interactions
psychiatric‐based
involve
several
molecules
their
associated
signaling
pathways,
impairments
synaptic
plasticity,
potential
neuro‐immunological
mechanism
stress.
Conclusions
Therefore,
review
may
provide
better
theoretical
basis
for
integrative
therapeutic
considerations
disorders
with
dysfunction.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(16), С. 12699 - 12699
Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023
The
blood-brain
barrier,
which
is
formed
by
tightly
interconnected
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
separates
the
brain
from
peripheral
circulation.
Together
with
other
central
nervous
system-resident
cell
types,
including
pericytes
and
astrocytes,
barrier
forms
neurovascular
unit.
Upon
neuroinflammation,
this
becomes
leaky,
allowing
molecules
cells
to
enter
potentially
harm
tissue
of
system.
Despite
significance
animal
models
in
research,
they
may
not
always
adequately
reflect
human
pathophysiology.
Therefore,
are
needed.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
terms
both
health
disease.
It
describe
all
key
elements
vitro
explore
how
different
compositions
can
be
utilized
effectively
model
a
variety
neuroinflammatory
conditions.
Furthermore,
it
existing
types
that
used
basic
research
study
respective
pathologies
thus
far.
Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
20(11), С. 1290 - 1299
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023
Abstract
Recent
research
in
neuroimmunology
has
revolutionized
our
understanding
of
the
intricate
interactions
between
immune
system
and
central
nervous
(CNS).
The
CNS,
an
“immune-privileged
organ”,
is
now
known
to
be
intimately
connected
through
different
cell
types
cytokines.
While
type
2
responses
have
traditionally
been
associated
with
allergy
parasitic
infections,
emerging
evidence
suggests
that
these
also
play
a
crucial
role
CNS
homeostasis
disease
pathogenesis.
Type
immunity
encompasses
delicate
interplay
among
stroma,
Th2
cells,
innate
lymphoid
cells
(ILC2s),
mast
basophils,
cytokines
interleukin
(IL)-4,
IL-5,
IL-13,
IL-25,
TSLP
IL-33.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
beneficial
detrimental
roles
injury
homeostasis,
cognition,
diseases
such
as
tumors,
Alzheimer’s
multiple
sclerosis.
Neurobiology of Disease,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
193, С. 106461 - 106461
Опубликована: Март 2, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
prevalent
neurodegenerative
disorder
with
pathological
features
of
β-amyloid
(Aβ)
and
hyperphosphorylated
tau
protein
accumulation
in
the
brain,
often
accompanied
by
cognitive
decline.
So
far,
our
understanding
extent
role
adaptive
immune
responses
AD
has
been
quite
limited.
T
cells,
as
essential
members
system,
exhibit
quantitative
functional
abnormalities
brains
patients.
Dysfunction
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
considered
one
factors
leading
to
cell
infiltration.
Moreover,
degree
neuronal
loss
correlated
quantity
cells.
We
first
describe
differentiation
subset
functions
peripheral
cells
patients
provide
an
overview
key
findings
related
BBB
dysfunction
how
infiltrate
brain
parenchyma
through
BBB.
Furthermore,
we
emphasize
risk
associated
AD,
including
Aβ,
Tau
protein,
microglial
apolipoprotein
E
(ApoE),
neuroinflammation.
discuss
their
regulation
activation
proliferation,
well
connection
between
neurodegeneration,
Understanding
innate
response
crucial
for
providing
comprehensive
personalized
therapeutic
strategies
AD.
Abstract
The
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
is
finely
protected
by
the
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB).
Immune
soluble
factors
such
as
cytokines
(CKs)
are
normally
produced
in
CNS,
contributing
to
physiological
immunosurveillance
and
homeostatic
synaptic
scaling.
CKs
peptide,
pleiotropic
molecules
involved
a
broad
range
of
cellular
functions,
with
pivotal
role
resolving
inflammation
promoting
tissue
healing.
However,
pro-inflammatory
can
exert
detrimental
effect
pathological
conditions,
spreading
damage.
In
inflamed
recruit
immune
cells,
stimulate
local
production
other
inflammatory
mediators,
promote
dysfunction.
Our
understanding
neuroinflammation
humans
owes
much
study
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
most
common
autoimmune
demyelinating
disease,
which
autoreactive
T
cells
migrate
from
periphery
CNS
after
encounter
still
unknown
antigen.
CNS-infiltrating
produce
that
aggravate
demyelination
neurodegeneration.
This
review
aims
recapitulate
state
art
about
healthy
focus
on
recent
advances
bridging
adaptive
neurophysiology.
Abstract
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
affect
more
than
50
million
people
worldwide,
posing
a
significant
global
health
challenge
as
well
high
socioeconomic
burden.
With
aging
constituting
one
of
the
main
risk
factors
for
some
NDDs
such
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
and
Parkinson's
(PD),
this
societal
toll
is
expected
to
rise
considering
predicted
increase
in
population
limited
progress
development
effective
therapeutics.
To
address
failure
rates
clinical
trials,
legislative
changes
permitting
use
alternatives
traditional
pre‐clinical
vivo
models
are
implemented.
In
regard,
microphysiological
systems
(MPS)
organ‐on‐a‐chip
(OoC)
platforms
constitute
promising
tool,
due
their
ability
mimic
complex
human‐specific
tissue
niches
vitro.
This
review
summarizes
current
modeling
using
OoC
technology
discusses
five
critical
aspects
still
insufficiently
addressed
date.
Taking
these
into
consideration
future
MPS
will
advance
vitro
translational
value
setting.
European Journal of Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
103(2), С. 151418 - 151418
Опубликована: Май 8, 2024
The
nervous
and
immune
systems
are
highly
developed,
each
performs
specialized
physiological
functions.
However,
they
work
together,
their
dysfunction
is
associated
with
various
diseases.
Specialized
molecules,
such
as
neurotransmitters,
cytokines,
more
general
metabolites,
essential
for
the
appropriate
regulation
of
both
systems.
Tryptophan,
an
amino
acid,
converted
into
functional
molecules
serotonin
kynurenine,
which
play
important
roles
in
role
kynurenine
metabolites
neurodegenerative
psychiatric
diseases
has
recently
received
particular
attention.
Recently,
we
found
that
hyperactivity
pathway
a
critical
risk
factor
septic
shock.
In
this
review,
first
outline
neuroimmune
interactions
tryptophan
derivatives
then
summarized
changes
metabolism
neurological
disorders.
Finally,
discuss
potential
therapeutic
targets
