Maternal
SARS-CoV-2
infection
triggers
placental
inflammation
and
alters
cord
blood
immune
cell
composition.
However,
most
studies
focus
on
outcomes
of
severe
maternal
infection.
Therefore,
we
analyzed
chorionic
villi
from
newborns
unvaccinated
mothers
who
experienced
mild/asymptomatic
during
pregnancy.
We
investigated
rewiring
using
flow
cytometry,
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
functional
readouts
ex
vivo
stimulation
with
TLR
agonists
pathogens.
was
associated
increased
frequency
memory
T
B
cells
nonclassical
monocytes
in
blood.
Ex
responses
to
were
attenuated,
suggesting
a
tolerogenic
state.
Maladaptive
also
observed
monocytes,
where
antiviral
dampened
but
bacterial
TLRs
increased.
expansion
activation
Hofbauer
cells,
secreting
elevated
levels
myeloid
cell–recruiting
chemokines.
Moreover,
reported
maternally
derived
monocytes/macrophages
the
fetal
placenta
that
transcriptionally
primed
for
responses.
Our
data
indicate
even
absence
vertical
transmission
or
symptoms
neonate,
COVID-19
altered
transcriptional
state
circulation
placenta.
Trends in Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
28(4), С. 319 - 330
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2022
The
impact
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
during
pregnancy
on
the
developing
fetal
brain
is
poorly
understood.
Other
antenatal
infections
such
as
influenza
have
been
associated
with
adverse
neurodevelopmental
outcomes
in
offspring.
Although
vertical
transmission
has
rarely
observed
SARS-CoV-2
to
date,
given
potential
for
profound
maternal
immune
activation
(MIA),
likely.
Here
we
review
evidence
that
and
other
viral
can
result
maternal,
placental,
activation,
ultimately
offspring
morbidity.
Finally,
highlight
need
cellular
models
development
better
understand
short-
long-term
impacts
next
generation.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022
Pregnancy
causes
physiological
and
immunological
adaptations
that
allow
the
mother
fetus
to
communicate
with
precision
in
order
promote
a
healthy
pregnancy.
At
same
time,
these
may
make
pregnant
women
more
susceptible
infections,
resulting
variety
of
pregnancy
complications;
those
pathogens
also
be
vertically
transmitted
fetus,
adverse
outcomes.
Even
though
placenta
has
developed
robust
microbial
defense
restrict
vertical
transmission,
certain
have
evolved
mechanisms
avoid
placental
barrier
cause
congenital
diseases.
Recent
mechanistic
studies
begun
uncover
striking
role
maternal
microbiota
In
this
review,
we
discuss
how
overcome
A
better
understanding
control
fetal
infection
should
provide
new
insights
into
future
translational
research.
Maternal
infection
during
pregnancy,
leading
to
maternal
immune
activation
(mIA)
and
cytokine
release,
increases
the
offspring
risk
of
developing
a
variety
neurodevelopmental
disorders
(NDDs),
including
schizophrenia.
Animal
models
have
provided
evidence
support
these
mechanistic
links,
with
placental
inflammatory
responses
dysregulation
function
implicated.
This
leads
changes
in
fetal
brain
balance
altered
epigenetic
regulation
key
pathways.
The
prenatal
timing
such
mIA-evoked
changes,
accompanying
developmental
an
Cells,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(5), С. 741 - 741
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2023
The
developmental
origins
of
health
and
disease
(DOHaD)
indicate
that
fetal
tissues
organs
in
critical
sensitive
periods
development
are
susceptible
to
structural
functional
changes
due
the
adverse
environment
utero.
Maternal
immune
activation
(MIA)
is
one
phenomena
DOHaD.
Exposure
maternal
a
risk
factor
for
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
psychosis,
cardiovascular
diseases,
metabolic
human
disorders.
It
has
been
associated
with
increased
levels
proinflammatory
cytokines
transferred
from
mother
fetus
prenatal
period.
Abnormal
immunity
induced
by
MIA
includes
overreaction
or
response
failure
offspring.
Immune
hypersensitivity
system
pathogens
allergic
factor.
could
not
properly
fight
off
various
pathogens.
clinical
features
offspring
depend
on
gestation
period,
inflammatory
magnitude,
type
exposure
stimulation,
which
might
induce
epigenetic
modifications
system.
An
analysis
caused
intrauterine
environments
allow
clinicians
predict
onset
diseases
disorders
before
after
birth.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Март 14, 2022
Overt
and
subclinical
maternal
infections
in
pregnancy
can
have
multiple
significant
pathological
consequences
for
the
developing
fetus,
leading
to
acute
perinatal
complications
and/or
chronic
disease
throughout
postnatal
life.
In
this
context,
current
concept
of
as
a
state
systemic
immunosuppression
seems
oversimplified
outdated.
Undoubtedly,
immune
system
undergoes
complex
changes
establish
maintain
tolerance
fetus
while
still
protecting
from
pathogens.
addition
downregulated
immunity,
hormonal
changes,
mechanical
adaptation
(e.g.,
restricted
lung
expansion)
make
pregnant
woman
more
susceptible
respiratory
pathogens,
such
influenza
virus,
syncytial
virus
(RSV),
severe
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2).
Depending
on
infectious
agent
timing
infection
during
gestation,
fetal
pathology
range
mild
severe,
even
fatal.
Influenza
is
associated
with
higher
risk
morbidity
mortality
women
than
general
population,
and,
especially
third
trimester
pregnancy,
mothers
are
at
increased
hospitalization
cardiopulmonary
illness,
their
babies
show
prematurity,
neurological
congenital
anomalies,
admission
neonatal
intensive
care.
RSV
exposure
utero
selective
deficit,
remodeling
cholinergic
innervation
tract,
abnormal
airway
smooth
muscle
contractility,
which
may
predispose
inflammation
hyperreactivity,
well
development
dysfunction
childhood.
Although
there
limited
evidence
supporting
occurrence
vertical
transmission
SARS-CoV-2,
high
prevalence
prematurity
among
infected
by
SARS-CoV-2
suggests
alter
responses
maternal-fetal
interface,
affecting
both
mother
her
fetus.
This
review
aims
summarizing
about
short-
long-term
intrauterine
influenza,
RSV,
terms
pediatric
outcomes.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
39(11), С. 110938 - 110938
Опубликована: Май 25, 2022
While
severe
coronavirus
2019
(COVID-19)
is
associated
with
immune
activation
at
the
maternal-fetal
interface,
responses
to
asymptomatic/mild
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
during
pregnancy
remain
unknown.
Here,
we
assess
immunological
adaptations
in
blood
and
term
decidua
response
disease
pregnant
women.
We
report
attenuated
antigen
presentation
type
I
interferon
(IFN)
signaling
pathways,
loss
of
tissue-resident
decidual
macrophages,
upregulated
cytokine/chemokine
monocyte-derived
macrophages.
Furthermore,
describe
increased
frequencies
activated
T
cells
decreased
abundance
regulatory
while
cytotoxic
CD4/CD8
are
blood.
In
contrast
IFN
higher
cells.
Finally,
leads
a
narrowing
cell
receptor
diversity
both
decidua.
Collectively,
these
observations
indicate
that
COVID-19
results
remodeling
landscape
potential
for
long-term
adverse
outcomes
offspring.
Mucosal Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(6), С. 1158 - 1169
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2022
Immunological
memory
of
innate
immune
cells,
also
termed
"trained
immunity",
allows
for
cross-protection
against
distinct
pathogens,
but
may
drive
chronic
inflammation.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
responses
associated
with
type
2
immunity
do
not
solely
rely
on
adaptive
such
as
T-
and
B
involve
the
system
epithelial
cells.
Memory
been
described
monocytes,
macrophages
airway
cells
asthmatic
patients
well
group
lymphoid
(ILC2)
from
allergen-sensitized
or
helminth-infected
mice.
The
metabolic
epigenetic
mechanisms
mediate
allergen-
helminth-induced
reprogramming
are
only
beginning
to
be
uncovered.
Trained
has
implicated
in
helminth-driven
regulation
allergen-specific
immunotherapy,
suggesting
its
exploitation
future
therapies.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
advances
key
remaining
questions
regarding
functions
trained
infection
