The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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Using MicrobiomeAnalyst for comprehensive statistical, functional, and meta-analysis of microbiome data

Nature Protocols, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(3), С. 799 - 821

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain-level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 4, 2021

Culture-independent analyses of microbial communities have progressed dramatically in the last decade, particularly due to advances methods for biological profiling via shotgun metagenomics. Opportunities improvement continue accelerate, with greater access multi-omics, reference genomes, and strain-level diversity. To leverage these, we present bioBakery 3, a set integrated, improved taxonomic, strain-level, functional, phylogenetic metagenomes newly developed build on largest sequences now available. Compared current alternatives, MetaPhlAn 3 increases accuracy taxonomic profiling, HUMAnN improves that functional potential activity. These detected novel disease-microbiome links applications CRC (1262 metagenomes) IBD (1635 817 metatranscriptomes). Strain-level an additional 4077 StrainPhlAn PanPhlAn unraveled structure common gut microbe Ruminococcus bromii , previously described by only 15 isolate genomes. With open-source implementations cloud-deployable reproducible workflows, platform can help researchers deepen resolution, scale, multi-omic community studies.

Язык: Английский

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Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(7), С. 426 - 440

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(11), С. 690 - 704

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome and human cancer

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 371(6536)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Microbial roles in cancer formation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been disputed for centuries. Recent studies provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors immunotherapy, engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating building frameworks such evidence light modern biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal complicit trace common themes their influence through host's immune system, herein defined as immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. We further review intratumoral approaches manipulate gut or tumor microbiome while projecting next phase experimental discovery.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1613 - 1613

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Язык: Английский

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Mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic pks+ E. coli

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 580(7802), С. 269 - 273

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Metagenomic analysis of colorectal cancer datasets identifies cross-cohort microbial diagnostic signatures and a link with choline degradation

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(4), С. 667 - 678

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotics as Major Disruptors of Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2020

Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased understanding of the gut microbiota and role it plays health disease. The intestine is populated by a complex microbial community that organized around network metabolic interdependencies. It now understood vital for normal development functioning human body, especially priming maturation adaptive immune system. Antibiotic use can several negative effects on microbiota, including reduced species diversity, altered activity, selection antibiotic-resistant organisms, which turn lead antibiotic-associated diarrhea recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. There also evidence early childhood exposure antibiotics gastrointestinal, immunologic, neurocognitive conditions. increase recent years suggests these problems are likely become more acute or prevalent future. Continued into structure function required address this challenge.

Язык: Английский

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