Neuroscience Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
39(2), С. 245 - 260
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022
Defensive
behaviors
induced
by
innate
fear
or
Pavlovian
conditioning
are
crucial
for
animals
to
avoid
threats
and
ensure
survival.
The
zona
incerta
(ZI)
has
been
demonstrated
play
important
roles
in
learning
memory,
as
well
modulating
auditory-induced
defensive
behavior.
However,
whether
the
neuronal
subtypes
ZI
specific
circuits
can
mediate
response
is
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
found
that
somatostatin
(SST)-positive
neurons
rostral
of
mice
were
activated
a
visual
stimulus.
Optogenetic
inhibition
SST-positive
resulted
reduced
flight
responses
an
overhead
looming
activation
fear-like
behavior
including
increased
immobility
bradycardia.
In
addition,
manipulation
GABAergic
projections
from
downstream
nucleus
reuniens
(Re)
mediated
Retrograde
trans-synaptic
tracing
also
revealed
stimulus-activated
superior
colliculus
(SC)
projected
Re-projecting
(SC-ZIrSST-Re
pathway).
Together,
our
study
elucidates
function
SC-ZIrSST-Re
tri-synaptic
circuit
mediating
response.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
38(13), С. 110600 - 110600
Опубликована: Март 1, 2022
Several
mental
illnesses,
characterized
by
aberrant
stress
reactivity,
often
arise
after
early-life
adversity
(ELA).
However,
it
is
unclear
how
ELA
affects
stress-related
brain
circuit
maturation,
provoking
these
enduring
vulnerabilities.
We
find
that
increases
functional
excitatory
synapses
onto
stress-sensitive
hypothalamic
corticotropin-releasing
hormone
(CRH)-expressing
neurons,
resulting
from
disrupted
developmental
synapse
pruning
adjacent
microglia.
Microglial
process
dynamics
and
synaptic
element
engulfment
were
attenuated
in
mice,
associated
with
deficient
signaling
of
the
microglial
phagocytic
receptor
MerTK.
Accordingly,
selective
chronic
chemogenetic
activation
microglia
increased
reduced
density
to
control
levels.
Notably,
normalized
adult
acute
responses,
including
stress-induced
secretion
behavioral
threat
as
well
adrenal
hypertrophy
mice.
Thus,
actions
during
development
are
powerful
contributors
mechanisms
which
sculpts
connectivity
stress-regulating
promoting
vulnerability
illnesses.
Neuropeptides
are
key
signaling
molecules
in
the
endocrine
and
nervous
systems
that
regulate
many
critical
physiological
processes.
Understanding
functions
of
neuropeptides
vivo
requires
ability
to
monitor
their
dynamics
with
high
specificity,
sensitivity,
spatiotemporal
resolution.
However,
this
has
been
hindered
by
lack
direct,
sensitive,
noninvasive
tools.
We
developed
a
series
GRAB
(G
protein-coupled
receptor
activation‒based)
sensors
for
detecting
somatostatin
(SST),
corticotropin-releasing
factor
(CRF),
cholecystokinin
(CCK),
neuropeptide
Y
(NPY),
neurotensin
(NTS),
vasoactive
intestinal
peptide
(VIP).
These
fluorescent
sensors,
which
enable
detection
specific
binding
at
nanomolar
concentrations,
establish
robust
tool
kit
studying
release,
function,
regulation
under
both
pathophysiological
conditions.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(14), С. 11711 - 11711
Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023
Alopecia
areata
(AA)
is
an
autoimmune
dermatological
disease
with
multifactorial
etiology
and
characterized
by
reversible
hair
loss
in
patches.
AA
may
be
closely
related
to
emotional
stress
influenced
psychological
factors
as
part
of
its
pathophysiology;
however,
remains
predominantly
unknown.
This
review
aimed
elucidate
the
association
between
occurrence
neuropeptide
substance
P
(SP)
corticotropin-releasing
hormone
(CRH),
which
are
secreted
during
stress,
have
been
understood
initiate
advance
etiopathogenesis
AA.
Therefore,
this
explain
how
SP
CRH
contribute
To
assess
AA,
we
conducted
a
literature
search
on
PubMed
ClinicalTrials.gov.
Overall,
several
authors
described
interactions
follicles
(HFs)
stress-associated
signaling
substances,
including
CRH,
AA;
was
attributed
understanding
that
can
occur
without
HFs,
similar
observed
hereditary
age.
Most
studies
demonstrated
collapse
“immune
privilege”
plays
crucial
role
development
exacerbation
nonetheless,
few
indicated
substances
unrelated
autoimmunity
also
cause
apoptosis
keratocytes,
leading
We
investigated
both
apoptotic
pathways
within
assessed
potential
key
evaluate
therapeutic
targets
for
treatment
Clinical
trials
marketed/unreviewed
intervention
drugs
were
reviewed
determine
their
corresponding
target
pathways.
