State of Wildfires 2023–2024

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 3601 - 3685

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of Future Climate Change and Xiamen’s Territorial Spatial Planning on Carbon Storage and Sequestration

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(2), С. 273 - 273

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

The intensification of climate change and the implementation territorial spatial planning policies have jointly increased complexity future carbon storage changes. However, impact on under remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to reveal potential impacts sequestration, providing decision support for addressing optimizing planning. We employed FLUS model, InVEST variance partitioning analysis (VPA) method simulate 15 different scenarios that combine Xiamen in 2035, quantify individual combined ecosystem sequestration. results showed (1) by Xiamen’s capacity is expected range from 32.66 × 106 Mg 33.00 various scenarios, reflecting a decrease 2020 levels; (2) conducive preserving storage, with urban development boundary proving be most effective; (3) greatly affected change, RCP 4.5 more effective than 8.5 maintaining higher levels storage; (4) influence sequestration consistently exceeds particularly high-emission where regulatory effect especially significant.

Язык: Английский

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Large disagreements in estimates of urban land across scales and their implications

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2024

Improvements in high-resolution satellite remote sensing and computational advancements have sped up the development of global datasets that delineate urban land, crucial for understanding climate risks our increasingly urbanizing world. Here, we analyze land cover patterns across spatiotemporal scales from several such current-generation products. While all show a rapidly world, with nearly tripling between 1985 2015, there are substantial discrepancies area estimates among products influenced by scale, differing definitions, methodologies. We discuss implications these use cases, including monitoring hazards modeling urbanization-induced impacts on weather regional to scales. Our results demonstrate importance choosing fit-for-purpose examining specific aspects historical, present, future urbanization sustainable development, resource allocation, quantification impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Global expansion of wildland-urban interface intensifies human exposure to wildfire risk in the 21st century

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(45)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024

Rapidly increasing human-nature interactions exacerbate the risk of exposure to wildfires for human society. The wildland-urban interface (WUI) represents nexus interactions, where natural hazards such as wildfire is most pronounced. However, quantifying long-term global WUI change and corresponding driving factors at fine resolution remain challenging. Here, we mapped analyzed 30-meter in 2000, 2010, 2020. Our analysis revealed that expanded by 35.6% since reaching 1.93 million square kilometer Notably, 85% this growth occurred between 2010 increase was primarily driven unprecedented expansion urbanization, contributing an additional 589,914 WUI. In addition, number small fires occurring areas has increased substantially 2010. These findings underscore rising society highlight urgency implementing tailored fire management strategies areas.

Язык: Английский

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Hot‐Particle Ignition of Typical Fuels in the Wildland‐Urban Interface and Subsequent Fire Behaviors

Fire and Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

ABSTRACT The hot‐particle ignition is a common cause of wildland and building fires. This study investigates the three typical fuels (straw, pine needles, cotton) in wildland‐urban interface (WUI) by hot metal particle different temperatures void ratios. In absence wind, cotton easiest, where flame occurs directly without clear smoldering. As becomes hollow, required minimum temperature for igniting smaller, because longer contact time between fuel surface. Once ignited, flaming weakest, with mass loss less than 25% an intensive charring. burning straw needles intense, large height very little residue. Materials finer thinner structure like are easy to initiate while hard sustain smoldering ignition. hollow‐structure or large‐porosity materials prone under weaker spot heating source. fast‐cooling particles cannot induce all WUI fuels, requires effective duration. helps understand propensity subsequent flame‐spread process, which supports fire protection design communities.

Язык: Английский

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Source-resolved black carbon and PM2.5 exposures during wildfires and prescribed burns

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 368, С. 125660 - 125660

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of wildfire smoke PM2.5, greenspace and terrain ruggedness on life expectancy in the contiguous United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 964, С. 178584 - 178584

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Satellite‐Aided Disaster Response

AGU Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, driven by climate change anthropogenic activities, pose unprecedented challenges to emergency response agencies worldwide. Satellite remote sensing has become a critical tool for providing timely accurate data aid in disaster preparedness, response, recovery. This Commentary explores the role satellite managing climate‐driven highlighting use technologies such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) creating damage proxy maps. These maps are instrumental assessing impacts guiding efforts, demonstrated 2023 Wildfires Hawaii. Despite promise these tools, remain, including need rapid processing, automation pipelines, robust international collaborations. future missions composing Earth System Observatory, upcoming NASA‐ISRO SAR mission, represents significant advancement with its global coverage frequent, detailed measurements. study emphasizes importance continued investment advanced cooperation enhance capabilities, ultimately building more resilient community.

Язык: Английский

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Residential Wildfire Structural Damage Detection Using Deep Learning to Analyze Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) Imagery, Aerial Imagery, and Satellite Imagery

Fire and Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025

ABSTRACT In recent years, wildfires in residential regions have increasingly inflicted significant economic and social losses. Preemptive measures can reduce the damage to public infrastructure lessen these impacts. Rapid evaluation of structures after wildfire is crucial for investigating overall scope establishing an effective disaster mitigation strategy. However, conducting assessments involves detailed on‐site examinations, which require considerable time workforce. Furthermore, qualitative be subjective prone error. To overcome shortcomings, this study suggests a practical methodology performing housing using deep learning technology. The applications three different image sources areas are analyzed compared as follows: uncrewed aerial systems imagery, satellite imagery. Notably, combinations were considered from training stage, impact changes data when applied each source was comprehensively investigated. Key results reveal achievable accuracies depending on various remote sensing used application phases. This expected provide researchers working with fundamental resource comprehensive use valuable insights into decision‐making process responders.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of wildfire smoke on traffic evacuation dynamics

Safety Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 186, С. 106812 - 106812

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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