The genetic basis of major depressive disorder

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(6), С. 2254 - 2265

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2023

The genetic dissection of major depressive disorder (MDD) ranks as one the success stories psychiatric genetics, with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying 178 risk loci and proposing more than 200 candidate genes. However, GWAS results derive from analysis cohorts in which most cases are diagnosed by minimal phenotyping, a method that has low specificity. I review data indicating there is large component unique to MDD remains inaccessible phenotyping strategies majority identified approaches unlikely be loci. show inventive uses biobank data, novel imputation methods, combined interviewer cases, can identify contribute episodic severe shifts mood, neurovegetative cognitive changes central MDD. Furthermore, new theories about nature causes MDD, drawing upon advances neuroscience psychology, provide handles on how best interpret exploit mapping results.

Язык: Английский

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Studying Mental Health Problems as Systems, Not Syndromes

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(6), С. 500 - 508

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2022

Despite decades of clinical, sociopolitical, and research efforts, progress in understanding treating mental health problems remains disappointing. I discuss two barriers that have contributed to a problematic oversimplification illness. The first is diagnostic literalism, mistaking (complex within-person processes) for the diagnoses by which they are classified (clinically useful idealizations facilitate treatment selection prognosis). second reductionism, isolated study individual elements disorders. propose conceptualizing people’s states as outcomes emerging from complex systems biological, psychological, social show this perspective explains many robust phenomena, including variability within diagnoses, comorbidity among transdiagnostic risk factors. It helps us understand reductionism epistemological tools describing world, rather than ontological convictions about how world is. provides new lenses through illness (e.g., attractor states, phase transitions), levers treat them early warning signals, novel targets). Embracing complexity requires opening our ivory towers theories methods other fields with rich traditions, network sciences.

Язык: Английский

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Functional connectomics in depression: insights into therapies

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(9), С. 814 - 832

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Evaluation of Machine Learning–Based Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81(4), С. 386 - 386

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Biological psychiatry aims to understand mental disorders in terms of altered neurobiological pathways. However, for one the most prevalent and disabling disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), no informative biomarkers have been identified.

Язык: Английский

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Elemental psychopathology: distilling constituent symptoms and patterns of repetition in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 54(5), С. 886 - 894

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Abstract Background The DSM-5 features hundreds of diagnoses comprising a multitude symptoms, and there is considerable repetition in the symptoms among diagnoses. This undermines what we can learn from studying individual diagnostic constructs because it obscure both disorder- symptom-specific signals. However, these lost opportunities are currently veiled symptom has not been quantified. Method descriptive study mapped 1419 described 202 adult psychopathology section II . Over million possible comparisons needed to be conducted, for which used qualitative content coding natural language processing. Results In total, identified 628 distinct symptoms: 397 (63.2%) were unique single diagnosis, whereas 231 (36.8%) repeated across multiple total 1022 times (median 3 per symptom; range 2–22). Some chapters had more than others: For example, every diagnosis bipolar related disorders chapter was other chapters, but no any elimination , gender dysphoria or paraphilic most frequently included insomnia, difficulty concentrating, irritability – listed 22, 17 16 diagnoses, respectively. Notably, top 15 repeating criteria dominated by major depressive disorder. Conclusion Overall, our findings lay foundation better understanding extent potential consequences overlap.

Язык: Английский

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Functional neuroimaging in psychiatry and the case for failing better

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(16), С. 2524 - 2544

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Canalization and plasticity in psychopathology

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 226, С. 109398 - 109398

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2022

This theoretical article revives a classical bridging construct, canalization, to describe new model of general factor psychopathology. To achieve this, we have distinguished between two types plasticity, an early one that call 'TEMP' for 'Temperature or Entropy Mediated Plasticity', and another, 'canalization', which is close Hebbian plasticity. These forms plasticity can be most easily by their relationship 'precision' inverse variance; TEMP relates increased variance decreased precision, whereas the opposite true canalization. also subsumes learning rate, (Ising) temperature entropy. Dictionary definitions 'plasticity' it as property being shaped molded; better match this. Importantly, propose 'pathological' phenotypes develop via mechanisms canalization defensive response adversity associated distress dysphoria. Our states entrenches in psychopathology, narrowing phenotypic state-space agent develops expertise pathology. We suggest - combined with gently guiding psychological support counter address questions whether when adaptive versus maladaptive, furnish our references basic human neuroscience, offer concrete experiments measures test its main hypotheses implications. part Special Issue on "National Institutes Health Psilocybin Research Speaker Series".

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of depressive symptoms in U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

SSM - Population Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21, С. 101348 - 101348

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worsening of mental health among U.S. adults. However, no review date synthesized the overall prevalence population depressive symptoms in over pandemic. We aimed document and psychological distress across time since start pandemic, both identify patterns that emerged literature assess data sources, methods, sampling, measurement used examine during In systematic peer literature, we identified 49 articles reporting 88 points related constructs nationally representative samples adults from March 2020 June 2021. First, found average poor studies was 12.9% for severe depression, 26.0% at least moderate 36.0% mild depression. Second, women reported significantly higher probable depression than men 63% levels by gender results on statistically significant differences between racial ethnic groups were mixed. Third, published based 12 studies; most common sources Household Pulse Survey (n = 15, 31%), AmeriSpeak panel 8, 16%), Qualtrics Understanding America Study 5, 10%). Prevalence estimates varied screening instruments cutoffs used. commonly Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 36, 73%) Kessler 16%) series. While depending survey instruments, severity, reported, remained high through 2021 severity. scope can help policymakers providers address prepare meet ongoing future needs post-COVID-19 context beyond.

Язык: Английский

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Restoring the missing person to personalized medicine and precision psychiatry

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Precision psychiatry has emerged as part of the shift to personalized medicine and builds on frameworks such U.S. National Institute Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), multilevel biological “omics” data and, most recently, computational psychiatry. The is prompted by realization that a one-size-fits all approach inadequate guide clinical care because people differ in ways are not captured broad diagnostic categories. One first steps developing this treatment was use genetic markers pharmacotherapeutics based predictions pharmacological response or non-response, potential risk adverse drug reactions. Advances technology have made greater degree specificity precision potentially more attainable. To date, however, search for largely focused parameters. Psychiatric disorders involve multi-level dynamics require measures phenomenological, psychological, behavioral, social structural, cultural dimensions. This points need develop fine-grained analyses experience, self-construal, illness narratives, interpersonal interactional dynamics, contexts determinants health. In paper, we review limitations arguing it cannot reach its goal if does include core elements processes give rise psychopathological states, which agency experience person. Drawing from contemporary systems biology, epidemiology, developmental psychology, cognitive science, propose cultural-ecosocial integrating with person-centered care.

Язык: Английский

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Antidepressant medications in dementia: evidence and potential mechanisms of treatment-resistance

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 53(3), С. 654 - 667

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Abstract Depression in dementia is common, disabling and causes significant distress to patients carers. Despite widespread use of antidepressants for depression dementia, there no evidence therapeutic efficacy, their potentially harmful this patient group. has poor outcomes effective treatments are urgently needed. Understanding why ineffective could provide insight into mechanism action aid identification new targets. In review we discuss may be a distinct entity, current theories how work these mechanisms affected by disease processes dementia. We also consider clinicians continue prescribe novel approaches understand identify living with

Язык: Английский

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