How do archaeologists study early urban life? Institutions, generative processes, and urban order DOI Creative Commons

Michael E. Smith

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

The concept of urban order is important for research in sustainability science. I review the concepts and methods used by archaeologists to address question what holds early cities together. Archaeologists are starting come around standard interpretation social sciences: created maintained operation two types forces: institutions (top-down forces) generative processes (bottom-up forces). changes archaeological thinking that led from obsolete inadequate models (statism agency) emerging current understanding. discuss provide a new archaeologically-useful definition, describe five (political, economic, political economy, social, religious). then three process: population/demography, self-governance, self-coordination. These developments archaeology urbanism have benefits. They help produce better interpretations past cities; and, they other scientists understand deep history life. This approach allows findings on ancient contribute science today. What together? That is, how do city residents create maintain level security, predictability, cohesion permits flourish persist through time? crucial questions United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11, "Sustainable Cities Communities," New Urban Agenda [1–3]. A recent report notes progress Goals needs be based solid scientific data. Furthermore, requires input countries developing world data those [4]. argue this broader perspective will remain incomplete without growing body development. In paper pursue focus order. If historians can determine nature sources cities, knowledge has potential illuminate number issues

Язык: Английский

Cropland non-agriculturalization caused by the expansion of built-up areas in China during 1990–2020 DOI
Xiaoran Wu, Na Zhao, Yuwei Wang

и другие.

Land Use Policy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 146, С. 107312 - 107312

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11
Cultural Heritages Lead to Less Dense and Greener Cities—Evidence from 371 Chinese Cities DOI Creative Commons
Zhiyuan Zhang,

Ruozhen Cheng,

Yangpeng Dan

и другие.

Land, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1), С. 177 - 177

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Cultural heritage sites play a significant role in shaping urban development, yet their impact on key outcomes remains underexplored. This study investigates how the number and proximity of influence development through an analysis across 371 Chinese cities. Using range metrics, including population density, building height, form complexity, green space accessibility, we find that cities with more tend to exhibit lower density (−0.168) height (−0.0314), respectively. These also show complex forms irregular city layouts, potentially caused by preservations. We analyze revealing have higher area per capita better access spaces. Furthermore, our growth from 2000 2020 highlights positive relationship between (0.223), as well potential trade-offs preservation GDPPC (−0.865). Our findings underscore impacts cultural address its trade-offs, highlighting need for planning strategies balance sustainable equitable

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
MetaCity: Data-driven sustainable development of complex cities DOI Creative Commons
Yunke Zhang, Yu-Ming Lin,

Guanjie Zheng

и другие.

The Innovation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100775 - 100775

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
The Changing Character of Chinese Urbanization: 2000 - 2021 DOI Creative Commons
Wei‐Qiang Chen, Lulu Song, José Lobo

и другие.

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Abstract The scale and pace of urbanization in China over the past few decades is one most significant transformations any human society history. However, studying encounters an empirical difficulty common to many urban systems: Are there spatial units corresponding cities as spaces socioeconomic interaction? To address this question analyze transformation Chinese China’s system last decades, we a rich set data comprising 297 Prefecture-level Cities (PLCs) from 2000 2021. Our analysis fills number important gaps by carefully considering difference scaling effects result using total versus registered population, full PLCs definitions compared their restriction Urban Districts (UDs). results show that well UDs exhibit when measured with resident population. have become better analysis, characterizing functional similar ways other systems, especially after 2015. Their exponents for GDP are also somewhat closer theory than those obtained UDs. substantial redistribution growing concentration larger coastal districts resulting behavior. future these trends will intensify, leading continued stronger growth relative population decline small more rural places.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Urban form evolution and transformation of traditional water towns based on space syntax and GIS: evidence from ancient Wenzhou city (16th to the 20th century) DOI Creative Commons
Yuhao Huang,

Zehui Shi,

Yile Chen

и другие.

Frontiers in Earth Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

The traditional form of a water town is the result combination urban history, culture, and spatial structure. This study digitized historical maps ancient Wenzhou City from four developmental periods (1566, 1765, 1876, 1949); employed space syntax to compute integration, choice, intelligibility road networks; categorized annotated architecturally functional attributes city using geographic information systems software. findings indicate that (1) City’s morphological development gradually transitioned singular, enclosed configuration decentralized, open framework, with functions evolving defensive economic multipurpose. (2) street structure network axis in reflected three stages evolution, namely, defense-oriented stage (1566), commercial expansion (1765–1876), modernization transformation (1949). (3) evolved being defense dominated coexisting commercial, residential, industrial other uses. provides systematic research framework for evolutionary law layout characteristics towns reference case planning strategies protection towns.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Food Systems Restoration DOI Creative Commons
Dietrich Knorr, Mary Ann Augustin

Sustainable Food Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(5), С. 1365 - 1390

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Restoring global food systems to improve sustainability.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Agroecology for the City—Spatialising ES-Based Design in Peri-Urban Contexts DOI Creative Commons
Richard Morris, Shannon Davis, Gwen‐Aëlle Grelet

и другие.

Land, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(10), С. 1589 - 1589

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

The design of urban systems that allow growth while also maximising ecosystem services is identified as an important priority for creating a Good Anthropocene. An service (ES)-based approach to landscape interventions maximises the provision ESs, and in doing so, repairs reinforces threatened ecological planetary boundaries. As urbanising planet, cities are critical frontiers human interaction with these boundaries, therefore arena ES-based intervention. Globally, predominant pattern urbanisation dedensification, outwardly expanding trend where growing physical extent at higher rate than their population growth. We require spatially explicit tools capable reconciling dedensification Anthropocene visions. propose methodology integrates agroecology focussed specifically on supply targeted regulating ESs. This ‘Agroecology City’ differs from conventional agriculture discourse its preoccupation food security. Our research interest agroecological farm systems’ (AFSs) capacity provide life support effective manner systems. recent introduced new GIS-based model (ESMAX) spatial AFS configurations 1 ha scale which maximised three well multifunctional performance across all ESs combined. In present research, we apply this process larger scale, 4 parcels being integrated real-world 200 peri-urban residential development. built-up areas configured differently maximise by local community. found arrangements interspersed evenly provided best multifunctionality four tested. supports pathways work global reality underpin need hybrid science rural/urban

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
The Archaeology of Early Cities: “What Is the City but the People?” DOI
Manuel Fernández‐Götz,

Michael E. Smith

Annual Review of Anthropology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(1), С. 231 - 247

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

The archaeology of early urbanism is a growing and dynamic field research, which has benefited in recent years from numerous advances at both theoretical methodological level. Scholars are increasingly acknowledging that premodern urbanization was much more diverse phenomenon than traditionally thought, with alternative forms now identified parts the world. In this article, we review developments, focusing on following main themes: (a) what cities (including questions definitions); (b) do (with an emphasis concentration people, institutions, activities space); (c) (from LiDAR to bioarchaeology); (d) rise fall (through focus persistence); (e) challenges opportunities for urban moving forward. Our approach places people—with their networks—at center analysis, as epitomized by quotation Shakespeare used subtitle our article.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Tropical archaeology expands the urban frame of reference DOI
Christian Isendahl, Vernon L. Scarborough

Nature Cities, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(9), С. 540 - 541

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
(In-)formal settlement to whom? Archaeology and old urban agendas for sustainability transitions in Ethiopia DOI
Federica Sulas, Christian Isendahl

Urban Studies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2024

African urban populations are growing predominantly through types of settlement commonly referred to as ‘informal’– settlements constructed outside the control city or state governments. For UN New Urban Agenda, informal presents a challenge developing sustainable cities. Settlement qualification in development discourse often relies on prescriptive formal models and considers anything not complying these ‘informal’ unsustainable. This paper advances an adaptive response Western planning that builds regional histories organising space. Examining archaeological historical records from northern Ethiopia, we define spatial patterns social processes transition over millennia. In analysis, current debates fall under rubric contribute building resilience. A century-scale resolution reveals contingent conditions for cities enduring climatic socio-political shifts during Pre-Aksumite Aksumite periods (c. 800 BCE–CE 900) afterwards. Past transitions were marked by inverse dynamics: cores shrank, peri-urban grew new centres established. Although reconfigurations followed political shifts, remained largely consistent: landscapes food production, material processing, resource trading ritual making. record, convey flexibility diversity forms undergo sustainability transitions. The durability morphologies record warrants against stereotyping long-term perspective supports emerging approaches today locally property systems.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0