The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

---

Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels: Structure, Regulation, and Function

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 62(3), С. 405 - 496

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2010

The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a transmembrane permeation pathway, and gating elements couple agonist-induced conformational changes the opening or closing of pore. Glutamate receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in central nervous system are localized on neuronal non-neuronal cells. These regulate broad spectrum processes brain, spinal cord, retina, peripheral system. postulated play important roles numerous neurological diseases have attracted intense scrutiny. description structure, including its elements, reveals complex assembly multiple semiautonomous extracellular domains linked pore-forming element with striking resemblance inverted potassium channel. In this review we discuss International Union Basic Clinical Pharmacology nomenclature, assembly, accessory subunits, interacting proteins, expression translation, post-translational modifications, antagonist pharmacology, allosteric modulation, mechanisms permeation, normal physiological function, as well potential therapeutic use pharmacological agents acting at receptors.

Язык: Английский

---

Normal Development of Brain Circuits

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 35(1), С. 147 - 168

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2009

Язык: Английский

---

TrkB signalling pathways in LTP and learning

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 10(12), С. 850 - 860

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2009

Язык: Английский

---

Towards a glutamate hypothesis of depression

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 62(1), С. 63 - 77

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2011

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 23(4), С. 801 - 811

Опубликована: Март 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

---

Insomnia as a predictor of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 43, С. 96 - 105

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2018

Язык: Английский

---

Soluble Oligomers of Amyloid β Protein Facilitate Hippocampal Long-Term Depression by Disrupting Neuronal Glutamate Uptake

Neuron, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 62(6), С. 788 - 801

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2009

Язык: Английский

---

Advancing the understanding of autism disease mechanisms through genetics

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 22(4), С. 345 - 361

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

---

Bridging Biological and Artificial Neural Networks with Emerging Neuromorphic Devices: Fundamentals, Progress, and Challenges

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 31(49)

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2019

As the research on artificial intelligence booms, there is broad interest in brain-inspired computing using novel neuromorphic devices. The potential of various emerging materials and devices for has attracted extensive efforts, leading to a large number publications. Going forward, order better emulate brain's functions, its relevant fundamentals, working mechanisms, resultant behaviors need be re-visited, understood, connected electronics. A systematic overview biological neural systems given, along with their related critical mechanisms. Recent progress reviewed and, more importantly, existing challenges are highlighted hopefully shed light future directions.

Язык: Английский

---