A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 104(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2020

Abstract Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid the fat body, which analogous vertebrate adipose tissue liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes oenocytes are primary cells related metabolism. starts with hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption monomers, followed by transport from midgut lipogenesis or lipolysis in other sites demanding energy. under control hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, insulin‐like peptides that activate lipogenic such as sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, whereas coordinated adipokinetic hormone activates lipolytic forkhead box class O cAMP‐response protein. Calcium primary–secondary messenger affecting has outcomes depending on site lipolysis. Phosphorylation central multiple phosphorylases involved accumulation hydrolysis. Although most knowledge comes studies model Drosophila; particular those obligatory facultative diapause, also have great potential study use these models would significantly improve our

Язык: Английский

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Insect Diapause

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Язык: Английский

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Ovarian Cancer-Intrinsic Fatty Acid Synthase Prevents Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2018

Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key metabolic enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, provides proliferative and metastatic capacity directly to cancer cells have been described. However, impact aberrant activation this lipogenic on host anti-tumor immune milieu remains unknown. In study, we depicted that elevated FASN expression presented in ovarian with more advanced clinical phenotype correlated immunosuppressive status, which characterized by lower number dysfunction infiltrating T cells. Notably, a mouse model, showed tumor cell-intrinsic drove (OvCa) progression blunting immunity. Dendritic (DCs) are required initiate sustain cell-dependent Here, our data constitutive cell lead abnormal lipid accumulation subsequent inhibition tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) support Mechanistically, cell-induced resulting increase lipids present at high concentrations microenvironment. educated FASNhigh OvCa ascites defective their ability antigens prime Accordingly, inhibiting inhibitor can partly restore immunostimulatory activity TIDCs extended control evoking protective responses. Therefore, provide mechanism cancer-intrinsic oncogenic pathway induce impaired response through subsequently T-cells exclusion dysfunction. These results could further indicate targeting concomitantly enhance immunity, thus offering unique approach immunotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Peptide Hormones in Insect Lipid Metabolism

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Май 7, 2020

Lipids are the primary storage molecules and an essential source of energy in insects during reproduction, prolonged periods flight, starvation, diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is fat body, which analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue liver. body primarily composed adipocytes, accumulate triacylglycerols intracellular droplets. Genomics proteomics, together with functional analyses, such as RNA interference CRISPR/Cas9-targeted genome editing, identified various genes involved elucidated their functions. However, endocrine control metabolism, particular roles peptide hormones lipogenesis lipolysis relatively less-known topics. In current review, neuropeptides that directly or indirectly affect introduced. lipolytic lipogenic adipokinetic hormone brain insulin-like peptides (ILP2, ILP3, ILP5). Other neuropeptides, insulin-growth factor ILP6, neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A, corazonin, leucokinin, tachykinins limostatin, might stimulate lipolysis, while diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, short CCHamide-2, cytokines Unpaired 1 2 induce lipogenesis. Most these interact one another, but mostly insulin signaling, therefore indirectly. Peptide also diapause, infections immunity; highlighted. review concludes a discussion potential metabolism-related pest management.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in deciphering the genetic basis of insect cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis and variation

Heredity, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 126(2), С. 219 - 234

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2020

Abstract Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have two fundamental functions in insects. They protect terrestrial insects against desiccation and serve as signaling molecules a wide variety of chemical communication systems. It has been hypothesized that these pivotal dual traits for adaptation to both contributed the considerable evolutionary success CHCs extensively studied concerning their variation, behavioral impact, physiological properties, compositions. However, our understanding genetic underpinnings CHC biosynthesis remained limited mostly biased towards one particular model organism ( Drosophila ). This rather narrow focus hampered establishment comprehensive view genetics across wider phylogenetic boundaries. review attempts integrate new insights recent knowledge gained biosynthesis, which is just beginning incorporate work on more insect taxa beyond . intended provide stepping stone general mechanisms gave rise astonishing diversity compounds different taxa. Further research this field encouraged aim at better discriminating conserved versus taxon-specific elements underlying variation. will be instrumental greatly expanding origins variation genes governing crucial phenotypic impacted behavior, physiology, evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Steroid hormone ecdysone deficiency stimulates preparation for photoperiodic reproductive diapause

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(2), С. e1009352 - e1009352

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2021

Diapause, a programmed developmental arrest primarily induced by seasonal environmental changes, is very common in the animal kingdom, and found vertebrates invertebrates alike. Diapause provides an adaptive advantage to animals, as it increases odds of surviving adverse conditions. In insects, individuals perceive photoperiodic cues modify endocrine signaling direct reproductive diapause traits, such ovary increased fat accumulation. However, remains unclear which factors are involved this process how they regulate onset diapause. Here, we that long day-mediated drop concentration steroid hormone ecdysone essential for preparation Colaphellus bowringi , economically important cabbage beetle. The diapause-inducing long-day condition reduced expression biosynthetic genes, explaining titer 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E, active form ecdysone) female adults. Application exogenous 20E vitellogenesis ovarian development but accumulation diapause-destined females. Knocking down receptor ( EcR ) females destined reproduction blocked traits. RNA-seq measurements indicated stimulates production juvenile (JH), key factor To verify this, depleted three enzymes via RNAi, confirmed critical JH biosynthesis Importantly, impairing Met function, component intracellular receptor, partially 20E-regulated preparation, indicating regulates both JH-dependent -independent manners. Finally, deficiency decreased ecdysis-triggering production, thereby inducing Together, these results suggest pivotal regulator coordinates plasticity response inputs.

Язык: Английский

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Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell to Acquire Stem Cell‐Like Features by Manipulating Lipid Droplet‐Mediated Numb Degradation

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(12)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a critical microbe that contributes to colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, whether how F. regulates stem-like cells (CCSCs) remains unknown. Here, the authors show promotes CCSC self-renewal, non-CCSCs acquire features by manipulating cellular lipid accumulation. infection decreases accumulation in CCSCs enhancing fatty acid oxidation, thus promoting self-renewal. In contrast, increases formation. Lipids are deposited as droplets, which recruits Numb, key cell fate regulator, through AP2A/ACSL3 complex, MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, though VCP UBXD8. On Numb degraded activating Notch signaling, gain of features. Their findings demonstrate directly manipulates reveal mechanism droplet-mediated degradation for signaling.

Язык: Английский

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The integral role of de novo lipogenesis in the preparation for seasonal dormancy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(29)

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Animals can alter their body compositions in anticipation of dormancy to endure seasons with limited food availability. Accumulation lipid reserves, mostly the form triglycerides (TAGs), is observed during preparation for diverse animals, including insects (diapause) and mammals (hibernation). However, mechanisms involved regulation accumulation ecological consequences failure accumulate adequate stores animal remain understudied. In broadest sense, reserves be accumulated two ways: either receives lipids directly from environment or converts sugars amino acids present fatty through de novo lipogenesis then TAGs. Here, we show that diapause Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata ) involves orchestrated upregulation genes metabolism a transcript peak 8- 10-d-old diapause-destined insects. Regulation at abundance level was associated substantial fat stores. Furthermore, knockdown enzymes ACCase FAS-1 prolonged preparatory phase, while acid transportation shortened phase. Our findings suggest model which dynamically decide when transition phase into diapause, depending on progress lipogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole inhibits growth and development by disrupting the sugar and fatty acid metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 208, С. 106302 - 106302

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of Juvenile Hormone on Summer Diapause of Geleruca daurica and Its Pathway Analysis

Insects, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(3), С. 237 - 237

Опубликована: Март 11, 2021

Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling plays an important role in regulation of reproductive diapause insects. However, we have little understanding the effect JH on gene expression at transcriptome level diapause. Galeruca daurica is a new pest Inner Mongolia grasslands with obligatory summer adult stage. Topical application analog methoprene pre-diapause stage delayed adults entering and inhibited lipid accumulation whereas it did not during Using Illumina sequencing technology bioinformatics tools, 54 138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected 1 2 d after treatment, respectively. The KEGG analysis showed that DEGs mainly enriched metabolism pathways. qRT-PCR indicated promoted encoding vitellogenin, fork head transcription factor Krüppel homolog 1, suppressed juvenile hormone-binding protein, esterase, acid methyltransferase, epoxide hydrolase fatty synthase 2. These results indicate regulating G. daurica.

Язык: Английский

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