Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 6

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2019

The oceans take up over 1 million tons of anthropogenic CO2 per hour, increasing dissolved pCO2 and decreasing seawater pH in a process called ocean acidification. At the same time greenhouse warming surface results enhanced stratification shoaling upper mixed layers, exposing photosynthetic organisms dwelling here to increased visible UV radiation as well decreased nutrient supply. In addition, eutrophication reduce concentration O2 seawater, contributing spread hypoxic zones. All these global changes interact affect marine primary producers. Such interactions have been documented, but much smaller extent compared responses each single driver. combined effects could be synergistic, neutral or antagonistic depending on species physiological processes involved experimental setups. For most calcifying algae, impacts acidification, solar and/or elevated temperature clearly their calcification; for diatoms, light levels enhance growth at low, inhibit it high sunlight. nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs), acidification associated with may N2 fixation activity, other environmental variables such trace metal availability neutralize even reverse effects. Macroalgae, hand, either juveniles adults, appear benefit from rates tolerance lowered pH. There has little documentation deoxygenation producers, though theoretically concentrations selectively carboxylation oxygenation catalyzed by Rubisco thereby autotrophs. Overall, change biology studies used double stressors laboratory tests. This overview examines features warming, deoxygenation, focussing

Язык: Английский

---

Mediterranean Bioconstructions Along the Italian Coast

Advances in marine biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер unknown, С. 61 - 136

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

---

Dynamic CO2 and pH levels in coastal, estuarine, and inland waters: Theoretical and observed effects on harmful algal blooms

Harmful Algae, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 91, С. 101594 - 101594

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2019

Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 results in higher equilibrium dissolved natural waters, with corresponding increases hydrogen ion and bicarbonate decreases hydroxyl carbonate concentrations. Superimposed on these climate change effects is the dynamic nature carbon cycling coastal zones, which can lead to seasonal diel changes pH that exceed expected for open ocean ecosystems by end century. Among harmful algae, i.e. some species and/or strains Cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, occurrence a concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) most frequent mechanism inorganic acquisition waters present atmosphere (400 μmol mol-1 total gas), varying phenotypic modification CCM. No data CCMs are available Raphidophyceae or brown tide Pelagophyceae. Several HAB respond increased growth rate cellular toxin content, however, others unaffected. Beyond altered C speciation HABs, likely have profound algal physiology. This review outlines implications HABs reviews knowns unknowns regard how be acidification. We further point large regions uncertainty this evolving field.

Язык: Английский

---

Shift in algal blooms from micro‐ to macroalgae around China with increasing eutrophication and climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Abstract Blooms of microalgal red tides and macroalgae (e.g., green golden caused by Ulva Sargassum ) have widespread problems around China in recent years, but there is uncertainty what triggers these blooms how they interact. Here, we use 30 years monitoring data to help answer questions, focusing on the four main species microalgae Prorocentrum donghaiense , Karenia mikimotoi Noctiluca scintillans Skeletonema costatum associated with region. The frequency increased from 1991 2003 then decreased until 2020, S. exhibiting highest rate decrease. Green started occur 1999 has since been increase. Golden were first reported 2012. macroalgal a negative linear relationship coverage China, positive correlation total nitrogen phosphorus loads as well atmospheric CO 2 sea surface temperature (SST). Increased outbreaks are very likely due worsening levels eutrophication, combined rising SST, which contribute reduced tides. increasing grazing microzooplankton also results decline areas affected This study shows clear shift algal over past driven combination climate change, stress, indicating fundamental change coastal systems

Язык: Английский

---

Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 3(2), С. 197 - 206

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2019

Abstract The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. this rapid change surface waters well understood and readily detectable observations, yet there uncertainty about the effects acidification on society since it difficult to scale-up from laboratory mesocosm tests. Here, we provide synthesis likely ecosystem properties, functions services based observations along natural gradients pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive their degradation results less coastal protection habitat provisioning for fisheries. risks marine goods amplify with increasing causing shifts macroalgal dominance, loss biodiversity seep sites tropics, sub-tropics temperate coasts. Based empirical evidence, expect have serious consequences millions people who dependent protection, fisheries aquaculture. If humanity able make cuts fossil fuel emissions, will reduce costs avoid changes ecosystems seen areas projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement oceans should build United Nations Sustainable Development Goal ‘minimise address impacts acidification’.

Язык: Английский

---

The Role of Natural Variability in Shaping the Response of Coral Reef Organisms to Climate Change

Current Climate Change Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 3(4), С. 271 - 281

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2017

Язык: Английский

---

Ocean acidification drives community shifts towards simplified non-calcified habitats in a subtropical−temperate transition zone

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2018

Abstract Rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are causing surface seawater pH and carbonate ion to fall in a process known as ocean acidification. To assess the likely ecological effects acidification we compared intertidal subtidal marine communities at increasing levels p CO 2 recently discovered volcanic seeps off Pacific coast Japan (34° N). This study region is particular interest for research it has naturally low (280–320 µatm) located transition zone between temperate sub-tropical communities. We provide first assessment biogeographic boundary. Marine exposed mean predicted by 2050 experienced periods aragonite saturation high dissolved inorganic carbon. These two factors combined cause marked community shifts major decline biodiversity, including loss key habitat-forming species, with even more extreme changes expected 2100. Our results empirical evidence that near-future shift ecosystems from fleshy algal dominated systems, accompanied biodiversity simplification ecosystem.

Язык: Английский

---

Impacts of Ocean Warming on Coralline Algal Calcification: Meta-Analysis, Knowledge Gaps, and Key Recommendations for Future Research

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 6

Опубликована: Май 6, 2019

Coralline algae are foundation species in many ecosystems they inhabit, acting as a settlement substrate, and binding together even creating reefs some locations. Ocean acidification is known to be major threat coralline algae. However, the effects of ocean warming less certain. Here we bring multiple lines evidence discuss potential impacts on these ecologically crucial taxa. We use meta-analysis across 40 responses within 14 different studies available that have assessed increasing temperature algal calcification laboratory experiments. do find net negative impact at 5.2° C above ambient conditions under singular warming. Conversely, similar seen when drops below 2.0° from conditions. propose will more capable both acclimating locally adapting temperatures over coming decades. This due fact possess short generation times, ability opportunistically rapidly utilise open space, relatively high phenotypic plasticity compared other important benthic (e.g. corals). long-lived species, those with long or narrow thermal tolerances could particular risk Additionally, occur simultaneously acidification, potentially greater algae, which also reduce this tolerance species. give key recommendations maximise for future research accurately determine how respond

Язык: Английский

---

Transport and Use of Bicarbonate in Plants: Current Knowledge and Challenges Ahead

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 19(5), С. 1352 - 1352

Опубликована: Май 3, 2018

Bicarbonate plays a fundamental role in the cell pH status all organisms. In autotrophs, HCO3− may further contribute to carbon concentration mechanisms (CCM). This is especially relevant CO2-poor habitats of cyanobacteria, aquatic microalgae, and macrophytes. Photosynthesis terrestrial plants can also benefit from CCM as evidenced by evolution C4 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). The presence organisms leads more questions regarding uptake membrane transport these different biological systems. review aims provide an overview metabolic processes related macroalgae, seagrasses, plants. cyanobacteria human cells much better documented included for comparison. We comment on roles focusing diversity functions carbonic anhydrases PEP carboxylases well signaling CO2/HCO3− stomatal guard cells. Plant responses excess soil briefly addressed. conclusion, there are still considerable gaps our knowledge that hamper development breeding strategies both efficient tolerance crop

Язык: Английский

---

Ocean acidification as a multiple driver: how interactions between changing seawater carbonate parameters affect marine life

Marine and Freshwater Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 71(3), С. 263 - 263

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2019

‘Multiple drivers’ (also termed ‘multiple stressors’) is the term used to describe cumulative effects of multiple environmental factors on organisms or ecosystems. Here, we consider ocean acidification as a driver because many inorganic carbon parameters are changing simultaneously, including total dissolved carbon, CO2, HCO3–, CO32–, H+ and CaCO3 saturation state. With rapid expansion research has come greater understanding complexity intricacies how these simultaneous changes seawater carbonate system affecting marine life. We start by clarifying key terms chemists biologists system. Then, using groups non-calcifying (fish, seaweeds, diatoms) calcifying (coralline algae, coccolithophores, corals, molluscs) organisms, various physiological processes affected different components

Язык: Английский

---