Stress and stability: applying the Anna Karenina principle to animal microbiomes

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 2(9)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Engineering Microbiomes to Improve Plant and Animal Health

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 23(10), С. 606 - 617

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2015

Язык: Английский

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The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Язык: Английский

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Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from the Fungi

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 4(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2016

Many Fungi have a well-developed secondary metabolism. The diversity of fungal species and the diversification biosynthetic gene clusters underscores nearly limitless potential for metabolic variation an untapped resource drug discovery synthetic biology. Much ecological success filamentous fungi in colonizing planet is owed to their ability deploy metabolites concert with penetrative absorptive mode life. Fungal exhibit biological activities that been developed into life-saving medicines agrochemicals. Toxic metabolites, known as mycotoxins, contaminate human livestock food indoor environments. Secondary are determinants diseases humans, animals, plants. staggering chemical structures activities, yet pathways share number key characteristics. genes encoding cooperative steps pathway tend be located contiguously on chromosome coregulated clusters. Advances genome sequencing, computational tools, analytical chemistry enabling rapid connection products. At least three precursors, penicillin K V, mycophenolic acid, pleuromutilin, produced by reconstruction expression respective heterologous hosts. This review summarizes general aspects metabolism recent developments our understanding how why make these molecules produced, distributed across Fungi. breadth metabolite highlighted information biosynthesis important fungus-derived contributed health agriculture negatively impacted crops, distribution,

Язык: Английский

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Evolution and Ecology ofActinobacteriaand Their Bioenergy Applications

Annual Review of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 70(1), С. 235 - 254

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2016

The ancient phylum Actinobacteria is composed of phylogenetically and physiologically diverse bacteria that help Earth's ecosystems function. As free-living organisms symbionts herbivorous animals, contribute to the global carbon cycle through breakdown plant biomass. In addition, they mediate community dynamics as producers small molecules with biological activities. Together, evolution high cellulolytic ability chemistry, shaped by their ecological roles in nature, make a promising group for bioenergy industry. Specifically, enzymes can industrial-scale cellulosic biomass into simple sugars then be converted biofuels. Furthermore, harnessing biosynthesize range has potential production specialty

Язык: Английский

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Symbiont Acquisition and Replacement as a Source of Ecological Innovation

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 25(5), С. 375 - 390

Опубликована: Март 21, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Bacterial Symbionts in Lepidoptera: Their Diversity, Transmission, and Impact on the Host

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Март 27, 2018

The insect´s microbiota is well acknowledged as a "hidden" player influencing essential insect traits. gut microbiome of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) has been shown to be highly variable between within species, resulting in controversy on the functional relevance microbes this order. Here, we aim (i) review current knowledge composition microbial communities across Lepidoptera, (ii) elucidate drivers variability lepidopteran microbiome, provide an overview (iii) routes transfer (iv) putative functions Lepidoptera. To find out whether Lepidopterans possess core compared studies from 30 species. Gut bacteria Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae Pseudomonadaceae families were most widespread with Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter Enterococcus being common genera. Several indicate that habitat, food plant age host can greatly impact which contributes digestion, detoxification, or defense against natural enemies. We mainly focus but also include some examples intracellular endosymbionts. These symbionts are present broad range taxa, known exert different effects their host, mostly including nutrition reproductive manipulation. Only two genera (Wolbachia Spiroplasma) have reported colonize tissues affecting host's reproduction. explore transmission both symbionts, found these may horizontally transmitted through plant, vertically via egg stage. More detailed about plasticity Lepidoptera novel leads for control pest

Язык: Английский

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Extending the “One Strain Many Compounds” (OSMAC) Principle to Marine Microorganisms

Marine Drugs, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 16(7), С. 244 - 244

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2018

Genomic data often highlights an inconsistency between the number of gene clusters identified using bioinformatic approaches as potentially producing secondary metabolites and actual chemically characterized produced by any given microorganism. Such are generally considered "silent", meaning that they not expressed under laboratory conditions. Triggering expression these "silent" could result in unlocking chemical diversity control, allowing discovery novel molecules both medical biotechnological interest. Therefore, genetic cultivation-based techniques have been developed aimed at stimulating genes. The principles behind cultivation based conceptualized "one strain many compounds" (OSMAC) framework, which underlines how a single can produce different when grown environmental Parameters such as, nutrient content, temperature, rate aeration be easily changed, altering global physiology microbial turn significantly affecting its metabolism. As direct extension approaches, co-cultivation strategies addition elicitors also used cues to activate clusters. In this review, we aim provide focused comprehensive overview pertain marine microbes. Moreover, underline changes some parameters provided important results terrestrial microbes, but rarely microorganisms, may represent additional awaken Unfortunately, empirical nature OSMAC approach forces scientists perform extensive experiments. Nevertheless, believe computation experimental other disciplines, discuss; effectively employed help streamline approaches. We natural products microorganisms would greatly aided through integration basic microbiological computational methods, technological innovations, thereby helping unearth much yet untapped potential microorganisms.

Язык: Английский

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Strategies to diversify natural products for drug discovery

Medicinal Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 38(4), С. 1255 - 1294

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2017

Natural product libraries contain specialized metabolites derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms that play a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their immense structural diversity wide variety of biological activities. The strategies greatly extend natural scaffolds through available chemical approaches offer unique opportunities access new series analogues, enabling the construction diverse product-like libraries. affordability these structurally molecules has been crucial step accelerating discovery. This review provides an overview various exploit compounds for product-based development, drawing upon examples illustrate each strategy.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(10), С. 623 - 638

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2021

Virtually all plants and animals, including humans, are home to symbiotic microorganisms. Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects on the host organism. However, growing evidence suggests that microbial symbionts evolve rapidly, resulting in drastic transitions along parasite–mutualist continuum. In this Review, we integrate theoretical empirical findings discuss mechanisms underpinning these evolutionary shifts, as well ecological drivers why some host–microorganism may stuck at end of addition having biomedical consequences, understanding dynamic life microorganisms reveals how symbioses shape an organism's biology entire community, particularly a changing world. for organisms. Drew, Stevens King continuum, underlying changes, selective pressures involved common approaches studying them.

Язык: Английский

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