As
the
global
demand
for
mining
resources
continues
to
rise
and
as
advances
in
aerospace
exploration
accelerate,
need
high-performance
energetic
materials
capable
of
withstanding
extreme
conditions
has
become
increasingly
critical.
This
study
focuses
on
rational
design
synthesis
a
series
molecules
incorporating
bistetrazole
chiral
diol
functional
groups.
The
inclusion
units
enhances
performance
stability
these
compounds,
while
groups
contribute
their
structural
integrity.
Chemical Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
60(12), С. 1646 - 1649
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
A
series
of
nitrogen-rich
fused
energetic
materials
were
synthesized
from
commercially
available
inexpensive
starting
and
fully
characterized
using
1
H
13
C
NMR,
IR
spectroscopy,
elemental
analysis,
DSC.
ChemPlusChem,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
85(1), С. 13 - 42
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2019
Abstract
This
Review
covers
the
synthesis
and
performance
of
most
promising
1,2,5‐oxadiazole‐based
high‐energy
density
materials
(HEDMs).
These
comprise
a
1,2,5‐oxadiazole
subunit
as
key
structural
motif
linked
to
various
acyclic
explosophoric
groups
or
nitrogen‐rich
nitrogen‐oxygen
azoles:
1,2,4‐triazole,
tetrazole,
1,2,4‐
1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Energetic
alliances
two
more
rings
directly
through
heteroatom
spacers
are
also
presented.
Particular
attention
is
devoted
installation
different
explosophores:
nitro,
nitramino,
azo,
azoxy,
dinitromethyl,
trinitroethyl
moieties
their
combination.
Promising
environmentally
benign
energetic
with
high
detonation
velocity
pressure,
outstanding
insensitivity
summarized.
Overall,
presented
may
be
considered
next‐generation
high‐performance
that
superior
commonly
used
traditional
explosives
(TNT,
PETN,
RDX,
HMX).
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(44), С. 49898 - 49908
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022
Thermally
stable
energetic
materials
have
broad
applications
in
the
deep
mining,
oil
and
natural
exploration,
aerospace
industries.
The
quest
for
thermally
(heat-resistant)
with
high
energy
output
low
sensitivity
has
fascinated
many
researchers
worldwide.
In
this
study,
two
different
series
of
salts
based
on
pyrazole–oxadiazole
pyrazole–triazole
(3–23)
explosophoric
groups
been
synthesized
a
simple
straightforward
manner.
All
newly
compounds
were
fully
characterized
by
IR,
ESI-MS,
multinuclear
NMR
spectroscopy,
elemental
analysis,
thermogravimetric
analysis–differential
scanning
calorimetry
measurements.
structures
3,
7,
22
supported
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
studies.
density,
heat
formation,
properties
(detonation
velocity
detonation
pressure)
all
range
between
1.75
1.94
g
cm–3,
0.73
to
2.44
kJ
g–1,
7689
9139
m
s–1,
23.3
31.5
GPa,
respectively.
are
insensitive
impact
(>30
J)
friction
(>360
N).
addition,
4,
6,
10,
14,
17,
21,
22,
23
show
onset
decomposition
temperature
(Td
238
397
°C)
than
benchmark
RDX
=
210
°C),
HMX
(279
HNS
(318
°C).
It
is
noteworthy
that
backbones
greatly
influence
their
physicochemical
properties.
Overall,
study
offers
perspective
nitrogen-rich
explores
relationship
structure
performance.
Energetic Materials Frontiers,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
2(1), С. 69 - 85
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021
Melt-castable
energetic
materials
are
utilized
in
a
wide
variety
of
civilian
and
military
applications,
such
as
construction,
demolition,
underwater
blasting,
mining,
oil
well
perforation,
munitions.
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
(TNT)
is
traditionally-applied
melt-castable
explosive;
however,
its
low
physical-performance
output,
environmental
pollution
characteristics,
safety
issues
restrict
further
development
towards
future
industrial
applications.
This
review
addresses
advances
the
design,
synthesis,
characterization
new
featuring
fluorine,
gem-dinitrofluoroethyl,
nitrate
ester
groups
nitrofurazan
1,2,4-oxadizaole
skeletons,
which
have
led
to
novel
high-performance
TNT
candidates
between
2012
2020.
Defence Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
18(3), С. 344 - 367
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2021
This
review
covers
recent
advances
in
the
synthesis
and
energetic
performance
of
nitrogen-rich
1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based
materials.
These
materials
comprise
1,2,4-oxadiazole
subunit
as
a
key
structural
motif
linked
to
different
or
nitrogen-oxygen
azoles:
tetrazole,
furazan,
furoxan,
1,3,4-oxadiazole,
pyrazole,
triazole.
Particular
attention
is
devoted
introduction
various
groups
including
nitro,
nitramino,
azo,
azoxy,
dinitromethyl,
trinitroethyl
moieties,
their
combination.
The
physicochemical
available
parameters
density,
decomposition
temperature,
heat
formation,
detonation
pressure,
velocity,
impact
sensitivity,
friction
sensitivity
typical
compounds
are
also
provided
analyzed.
Eventually,
it
was
obtained
that
several
screened
exhibit
superior
properties
outstanding
insensitivities,
which
can
be
classified
new
family
high-performance
Additionally,
still
have
many
thorough
works
further
exploited
studied,
expecting
get
very
promising
insensitive
high
explosives
for
practical
application
industrialization.
Energetic Materials Frontiers,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
4(2), С. 110 - 122
Опубликована: Май 18, 2023
This
review
provides
numerous
studies
on
nitrogen-rich
tetracyclic-based
heterocyclic
energetic
materials
including
oxadiazole,
tetrazole,
triazole,
pyrazole,
imidazole
and
tetrazine.
The
article
mainly
describes
the
construction
method
of
skeleton,
explosive
modification,
properties
tetracyclic
materials.
structure-property
relationship
was
obtained
by
comparing
a
series
Finally,
authors
summarize
synthesis
laws
skeletons,
which
reference
for
development
in
future.
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
63(3), С. 753 - 769
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023
The
drop-weight
impact
test
is
an
experiment
that
has
been
used
for
nearly
80
years
to
evaluate
handling
sensitivity
of
high
explosives.
Although
the
results
this
are
known
have
large
statistical
uncertainties,
it
one
most
common
tests
due
its
accessibility
and
modest
material
requirements.
In
paper,
we
compile
a
data
set
(mainly
performed
at
Los
Alamos
National
Laboratory),
along
with
compendium
molecular
chemical
descriptors
explosives
under
test.
These
consist
over
500
unique
explosives,
1000
repeat
tests,
100
descriptors,
total
about
1500
observations.
We
use
random
forest
methods
estimate
model
explosive
as
function
properties
Our
predicts
well
across
wide
range
types,
spanning
broad
performance
sensitivity.
find
related
performance,
such
heat
explosion,
oxygen
balance,
functional
group,
highly
predictive
Yet,
models
omit
many
these
still
perform
well.
suggest
there
not
or
even
several
factors
explain
sensitivity,
but
complex,
interrelated
effects
play.
