Advanced energetic materials: novel strategies and versatile applications

Mendeleev Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(6), С. 731 - 749

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Nitrogen-rich salts based on the combination of 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazole rings: a facile strategy for fine tuning energetic properties

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(5), С. 2239 - 2248

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Twenty-one high performance monoanionic and dianionic energetic salts based on the combination of 1,2,4-triazole 1,2,3-triazole rings were studied.

Язык: Английский

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Manipulating nitration and stabilization to achieve high energy

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(46)

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2023

Nitro groups have played a central and decisive role in the development of most powerful known energetic materials. Highly nitrated compounds are potential oxidizing agents, which could replace environmentally hazardous used materials such as ammonium perchlorate. The scarcity azole with large number nitro is likely due to their inherent thermal instability limited ring sites available for bond formation. Now, formation first molecule bonded seven groups, 4-nitro-3,5-bis(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (4), by stepwise nitration 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole reported. Compound 4 exhibits exceptional physicochemical properties positive oxygen balance (OBCO2 = 13.62%) an extremely high calculated density (2.04 g cm-3 at 100 K). This impressively C, H, N, O compound. work giant step forward highly dense azoles will accelerate further exploration this challenging field.

Язык: Английский

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2,2′-Azobis(1,5′-bitetrazole) with a N₁₀ Chain and 1,5′-Bitetrazolate-2N-oxides: Construction of Highly Energetic Nitrogen-Rich Materials Based on C–N-Linked Tetrazoles

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(35), С. 41580 - 41589

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

A series of high-nitrogen compounds, including a unique molecule 2,2'-azobis(1,5'-bitetrazole) with branched N10 chain and 1,5'-bitetrazolate-2N-oxides, were synthesized successfully based on C-N-linked 1,5'-bistetrazoles using azo coupling N-amine bonds N-oxide introduction strategies. All compounds characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, in which the structures five further determined single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (2, T-N10B, 3a, 3b, THX). The nitrogen contents these range from 63.62 (THX) to 83.43% (T-N10B), are much higher than that CL-20 (38.34%). heat formation for prepared was calculated Gaussian 09 program, T-N10B having highest value 5.13 kJ g-1, about 6 times (0.83 g-1). detonation performances EXPLO5 v6.05.04 show THX has excellent performance (D = 9581 m s-1, P 35.93 GPa) remarkable specific impulse (Isp 284.9 s).

Язык: Английский

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Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(17)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.

Язык: Английский

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N-Acetonitrile functionalized 3-nitrotriazole: Precursor to nitrogen rich stable and insensitive energetic materials

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1), С. 8 - 16

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

In the field of energetic materials, prime attention has been given to synthesis environmentally compatible materials having an adequate balance between energy and stability. For this purpose, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic rings have contributed as pivotal frameworks. Nitro-functionalized 1,2,4-triazoles profusely used a constituent for synthesizing high-performing (EMs) due their high nitrogen content, good thermal stability, modifiable sites via functionalization. Combination with different scaffold may provide opportunity accessible tailoring. work, in effort investigate potential 3-nitrotriazoles, its N-acetonitrile derivative 2 was synthesized, which further converted various explosophores. N-methylene-C bridged asymmetrically connected tetrazole (3) 1,2,4-oxadiazole (9 10) based EMs synthesized. Further tuning properties salt formation strategy employed compounds 4–7, 11 12. 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based compound 9 also confirmed X-ray diffraction analysis, 10 analyzed 15N NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 7 exhibited stabilities were found be insensitive towards impact friction. 6, detonation performance comparable conventional explosive TATB.

Язык: Английский

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Aminoacetonitrile as precursor for nitrogen rich stable and insensitive asymmetric N-methylene-C linked tetrazole-based energetic compounds

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(32), С. 16767 - 16775

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

This work demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen rich stable insensitive N-methylene-C Linked tetrazole-based energetic compounds.

Язык: Английский

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Energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures

Chinese Chemical Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31(9), С. 2375 - 2394

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Pushing the Limit of Nitro Groups on a Pyrazole Ring with Energy-Stability Balance

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(51), С. 61357 - 61364

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021

Polynitro compounds exhibit high density and good oxygen balance, which are desirable for energetic material applications, but their syntheses often very challenging. Now, the design of a new three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (EMOF) high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) with thermal stabilities detonation properties based on polynitro pyrazole reported. Dipotassium 3,5-bis(dinitromethyl)-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (5) exhibits 3D EMOF structure stability (202 °C), 2.15 g cm-3 at 100 K (2.10 298 K) in combination superior performance (Dv = 7965 m s-1, P 29.3 GPa). Dihydrazinium (7) 1.88 (1.83 (218 owing to presence hydrogen-bonding networks. Its velocity (8931 s-1) pressure (35.9 GPa) considerably those 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The results highlight HEDM five nitro groups as potential materials.

Язык: Английский

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Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(32), С. 6604 - 6616

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

This work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties’ evaluation of polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1 H -pyrazole-based heat-resistant explosives.

Язык: Английский

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