Hydrogen Production, Distribution, Storage and Power Conversion in a Hydrogen Economy - A Technology Review

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8, С. 100172 - 100172

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2021

To meet ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the 2035-2050 timeframe, hydrogen has been identified as a clean "green" fuel of interest. In comparison to fossil use burning results zero CO2 and it can be obtained from renewable energy sources. addition emissions, several other attractive properties such higher gravimetric content wider flammability limits than most fuels. However, there are practical limitations its widespread at present which include low volumetric density gaseous state high well-to-wheel costs when compared production distribution. this paper review is undertaken identify current development key areas network production, distribution, storage power conversion technology. At technology still barrier adoption but envisioned that scale increases, then likely fall. Technical barriers economy not significant one might think technologies already mature with working prototypes developed liquid composite cryotanks proton exchange membrane cells. It continuous investment achieve requisite could realised sooner rather later novel concepts turboelectric distributed propulsion enabled by shift hydrogen-powered network.

Язык: Английский

---

Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 167(12), С. 120532 - 120532

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2020

Energy storage systems with Li-ion batteries are increasingly deployed to maintain a robust and resilient grid facilitate the integration of renewable energy resources. However, appropriate selection cells for different applications is difficult due limited public data comparing most commonly used off-the-shelf chemistries under same operating conditions. This article details multi-year cycling study commercial LiFePO 4 (LFP), LiNi x Co y Al 1−x−y O 2 (NCA), Mn (NMC) cells, varying discharge rate, depth (DOD), environment temperature. The capacity retention, as well round-trip efficiency, were compared. Even when operated within manufacturer specifications, range conditions had profound effect on cell degradation, time reach 80% by thousands hours cycle counts among each chemistry. degradation in this was compared that similar previous studies identify universal trends provide standard deviation performance. All files have been made publicly available at batteryarchive.org, recently developed repository visualization comparison battery data, future experimental modeling efforts.

Язык: Английский

---

Solvent-Free, Single Lithium-Ion Conducting Covalent Organic Frameworks

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 141(14), С. 5880 - 5885

Опубликована: Март 19, 2019

Porous crystalline materials such as covalent organic frameworks and metal-organic have garnered considerable attention promising ion conducting media. However, most of them additionally incorporate lithium salts and/or solvents inside the pores frameworks, thus failing to realize solid-state single lithium-ion conduction behavior. Herein, we demonstrate a sulfonated framework (denoted TpPa-SO3Li) new class solvent-free, conductors. Benefiting from well-designed directional channels, high number density lithium-ions, covalently tethered anion groups, TpPa-SO3Li exhibits an ionic conductivity 2.7 × 10-5 S cm-1 with transference 0.9 at room temperature activation energy 0.18 eV without incorporating solvents. Such unusual transport phenomena allow reversible stable plating/stripping on metal electrodes, demonstrating its potential use for electrodes.

Язык: Английский

---

Battery cost forecasting: a review of methods and results with an outlook to 2050

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(9), С. 4712 - 4739

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

This review analyzes 53 publications that forecast battery cost and provides transparency on methodological technological details.

Язык: Английский

---

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

IEEE Access, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10, С. 78176 - 78218

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Research on 100% renewable energy systems is a relatively recent phenomenon. It was initiated in the mid-1970s, catalyzed by skyrocketing oil prices. Since mid-2000s, it has quickly evolved into prominent research field encompassing an expansive and growing number of groups organizations across world. The main conclusion most these studies that renewables feasible worldwide at low cost. Advanced concepts methods now enable to chart realistic as well cost- or resource-optimized efficient transition pathways future without use fossil fuels. Such proposed turn, have helped spur policy targets actions, leading more research. In pathways, solar wind power increasingly emerge central pillars sustainable system combined with efficiency measures. Cost-optimization modeling greater resource availability tend lead higher photovoltaic shares, while emphasis supply diversification tends point contributions. Recent focused challenges opportunities regarding grid congestion, storage, sector coupling, electrification transport industry implying power-to-X hydrogen-to-X, inclusion natural technical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches. result holistic vision towards net-negative greenhouse gas emissions economy can limit global warming 1.5°C clearly defined budget cost-effective manner based energy-industry-CDR systems. Initially, encountered very strong skepticism. Therefore, this paper also includes response major critiques against systems, discusses institutional inertia hampers adoption International Energy Agency Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change, possible negative connections community acceptance justice. We conclude discussing how emergent further progress benefit society.

Язык: Английский

---