Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

Reviews of Geophysics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 60(3)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2022

Abstract Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as “forever chemicals,” are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological settings since the early 2000s. The soil subsurface environments media commonly affected by PFAS. We conducted a comprehensive review of peer‐reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2022 concerning fate transport PFAS environments. This is organized into different subsections, covering basics properties how they affect occurrence, fate, PFAS, fundamental processes affecting mathematical models for describing predicting behaviors. Mechanisms governing environment, including sorption at air‐water interface, solid‐water nonaqueous phase liquids‐water were explored detail. Challenges future research priorities identified to better mitigate global challenges contamination.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental and health impacts of PFAS: Sources, distribution and sustainable management in North Carolina (USA)

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 878, С. 163123 - 163123

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Titanium nitride (TiN) as a promising alternative to plasmonic metals: a comprehensive review of synthesis and applications

Materials Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 846 - 895

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Titanium nitride (TiN), a key transition metal (TMN), stands out for its remarkable features, finding diverse applications in modern technologies.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the potential role of biochar for its remediation: a review

Biochar, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), commonly known as ‘‘forever chemicals’’, are persistent organic pollutants that widely distributed in the environment. Due to their toxicity resistance degradation, PFASs classified emerging contaminants, increasing attention is being paid remediation. Biochar, an environmentally friendly cost-effective adsorbent, shows potential for remediating contamination. The application of biochar remediation has garnered growing interest. Compared other adsorbents, more economical raw materials its preparation readily available. However, there currently no comprehensive review summarizing effects on environmental behavior PFASs. This aims fill gap by providing in-depth discussion synthesis existing literature this area. It focuses PFASs, specifically addressing adsorption mechanisms factors influencing effectiveness A proposed mechanism which photodegrades through generation free radicals, addition conventional (such pore filling, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions), explored. Furthermore, discusses ability reduce likelihood entering food chain water soil evaluates feasibility limitations using removal. Finally, we identify future research directions support safe effective use remediation, so promote advancement green technologies. Graphic

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at the Water–Air Interface

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)─so-called "forever chemicals"─contaminate the drinking water of about 100 million people in U.S. alone are inefficiently removed by standard treatment techniques. A key property these compounds that underlies their fate transport efficacy several promising remediation approaches is they accumulate at water–air interface. This phenomenon remains incompletely understood, particularly under conditions relevant to natural systems where interfaces often carry significant loads other organic contaminants or matter. To understand impact loading on PFAS adsorption, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations varying interfacial densities. We find adsorbed form strong mutual interactions (attraction between perfluoroalkyl chains electrostatic among charged head groups) give rise ordered coatings. These involve near-cancellation hydrophobic attraction Coulomb repulsion. Our findings explain an apparent paradox whereby adsorption isotherms suggest minimal while simultaneously displaying a high sensitivity composition density Consideration present with interface has potential allow for more accurate predictions design efficient approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Bacterial transformation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: a review for the field of bioremediation

Environmental Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(8), С. 1019 - 1041

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Biotransformation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has received growing attention as more research becomes available indicating that bioremediation may have a future role to play in addressing PFAS contamination.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic dynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in two tropical freshwater lakes

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 346, С. 123575 - 123575

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

We have investigated the occurrence, distribution, and biomagnification of per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in two tropical lakes (Asejire Eleyele) Southwestern Nigeria, with contrasting urban intensities. Over an 8-month period, we sampled sediment fish species (Clarias gariepinus: CIG; Oreochromis niloticus: ON; Coptodon guineensis: CG; Sarotherodon melanotheron: SM) across trophic levels, analyzed various PFAS congeners, addition to a select group toxicological responses. While herbivores (SM) benthic omnivores (CIG) at Asejire exhibited elevated levels PFBS PFOS, pelagic (ON) showed dominance PFDA, PFHxDA EtFOSE muscle. At Eleyele lake, patterns was dominated by PFBS, EtFOSE, PFPeS, PFOcDA PFOS (SM, CG), omnivore (ClG). The estimated factor (BMF) analysis for both indicated level increase PFUnA PFDA suburban while biomagnified lake. detected occurrence diSAMPAP 9CL-PF3ONS, novel compounds not commonly reported, studies lakes. studied responses varied groups probable modulations environmental conditions, structure, relative exposures present study documents, first time or any other African country, role urbanization on contaminant load into environment their implications dynamics within ecosystem aquatic food safety.

Язык: Английский

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Toward the development of a molecular toolkit for the microbial remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 90(4)

Опубликована: Март 17, 2024

ABSTRACT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly fluorinated synthetic organic compounds that have been used extensively in various industries owing to their unique properties. The PFAS family encompasses diverse classes, with only a fraction being commercially relevant. These found the environment, including water sources, soil, wildlife, leading human exposure fueling concerns about potential health impacts. Although degradation is challenging, biodegradation offers promising, eco-friendly solution. Biodegradation has effective for variety of contaminants but yet be successful due paucity identified microbial species capable transforming these compounds. Recent studies investigated biotransformation fluoride release; however, number specific microorganisms enzymes demonstrable activity remains limited. This review discusses could metabolism, haloacid dehalogenases, reductive cytochromes P450, alkane butane monooxygenases, peroxidases, laccases, desulfonases, mechanisms resistance intracellular fluoride. Finally, we emphasize enzyme engineering advance strategies provide insights future research this field.

Язык: Английский

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The Ins and Outs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Great Lakes: The Role of Atmospheric Deposition

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(21), С. 9303 - 9313

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

As part of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network, precipitation (n = 207) and air 60) from five sites water samples 87) all Great Lakes were collected in 2021–2023 analyzed for 41 per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These measurements combined with other available data to estimate mass budget four representative compounds, PFBA, PFBS, PFOS, PFOA basin. The median Σ41PFAS concentrations across ranged between 2.4 4.5 ng/L. concentration lake was highest Lake Ontario (11 ng/L) lowest Superior (1.3 ng/L). Cleveland at 410 pg/m3 Sleeping Bear Dunes 146 pg/m3. net transfer flows generally negative Superior, Michigan, Huron positive Erie Ontario, indicating that three most northern lakes are accumulating PFAS two eliminating PFAS. deposition is an important source PFAS, particularly Superior.

Язык: Английский

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Current understanding on the transformation and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances before, during, and after thermal treatment of biosolids

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 493, С. 152537 - 152537

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Biosolids (stabilised sewage sludge) are the final solid residues of wastewater treatment process and generally applied on agricultural land in many countries, including Australia. Per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) a group synthetic fluorinated chemicals with ubiquitous applications consumer products persist environment. Globally, PFAS have been detected biosolids considered source discharge to The thermal is gaining increasing interest water sector. Therefore, viability techniques for safe destruction has received substantial research attention last few years. Recent studies suggest that can be removed potentially destroyed during combustive (such as incineration) non-combustive treatment, such pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonisation/liquefaction. However, there limited understanding fate transformation degradation across overall from feed pre-treatment gas cleaning (post-thermal treatment) stage. This review consolidates current knowledge transformation, destruction, before, during, after biosolids, covering lab, pilot scale, industrial studies. It suggested mechanisms may differ established pathways pure salts, given complex organic inorganic matrix typically low concentrations. Among all techniques, pyrolysis extensive investigations at different scales operation. temperatures residence time need sufficiently optimised designing realistic large-scale systems relevant biosolids' compositional peculiarities destruction.

Язык: Английский

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