Molecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
28(21), С. 7313 - 7313
Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2023
Ginsenoside
Rg5,
a
relatively
uncommon
secondary
ginsenoside,
exhibits
notable
pharmacological
activity
and
is
commonly
hypothesized
to
originate
from
the
dehydration
of
Rg3.
In
this
work,
we
compared
different
conversion
pathways
using
Rb1,
R-Rg3
S-Rg3
as
raw
material
under
simple
acid
catalysis.
Interestingly,
results
indicate
that
follows
reaction
order
Rb1
>
R-Rg3,
which
contrary
common
understanding
Rg5
obtained
Rg3
by
dehydration.
Our
experimental
have
been
fully
confirmed
theoretical
calculations
NOESY
analysis.
The
DFT
analysis
reveals
free
energies
in
generating
carbocation
are
7.56
mol/L
7.57
mol/L,
respectively,
significantly
higher
than
energy
1.81
when
generates
same
carbocation.
This
finding
aligns
with
evidence
suggesting
more
prone
findings
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
suggest
fatty
chains
(C22-C27)
adopt
Gauche
conformation
an
anti
C16-C17
C13-C17,
due
weak
repulsive
van
der
Waals
force.
Therefore,
configuration
conducive
formation
intramolecular
hydrogen
bonds
between
20C-OH
12C-OH,
whereas
lacks
capability.
Consequently,
also
explains
fact
generate
R-Rg3.
Additionally,
our
research
synthetic
route
derived
protopanaxadiol
(PPD)-type
ginsenosides
(including
Rb2,
Rb3,
Rc
Rd)
advantages
terms
efficacy,
purity
yield
pathway
originating
Moreover,
study
presents
highly
effective
practical
approach
for
extensive
synthesis
thereby
facilitating
exploration
its
properties
potential
application
drug
discovery.
Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2024(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Ginseng
has
a
long
history
of
drug
application
in
China,
which
can
treat
various
diseases
and
achieve
significant
efficacy.
Ginsenosides
have
always
been
deemed
important
ingredients
for
pharmacological
activities.
Based
on
the
structural
characteristics
steroidal
saponins,
ginsenosides
are
mainly
divided
into
protopanaxadiol‐type
saponins
(PDS,
including
Rb1,
Rb2,
Rd,
Rc,
Rh2,
CK,
PPD)
protopanaxatriol‐type
(PTS,
Re,
R1,
Rg1,
Rh1,
Rf,
PPT).
The
structure
differences
between
PDS
PTS
result
This
paper
provides
an
overview
PTS,
focusing
their
chemical
profile,
pharmacokinetics,
hydrolytic
metabolism,
activities
antioxidant,
antifatigue,
antiaging,
immunodulation,
antitumor,
cardiovascular
protection,
neuroprotection,
antidiabetes.
It
is
intended
to
contribute
in‐depth
study
relationship
PTS.
Pharmacological Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 107571 - 107571
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Diverse
liver
diseases
are
characterised
by
late
diagnosis
and
rapid
progression
have
become
one
of
the
major
threats
to
human
health.
To
delay
transition
from
benign
tissue
lesions
a
substantial
organ
injury,
scientists
gradually
applied
natural
compounds
derived
plants
as
complementary
therapy
in
field
hepatology.
Ginseng
(Panax
ginseng
C.
A.
Meyer)
is
tonic
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine,
products,
including
ginsenoside
Rg1
(G-Rg1),
which
kind
20(S)-protopanaxatriol
saponin
with
relatively
high
biological
activity,
can
be
isolated
roots
or
stems
ginseng.
Given
these
information,
this
review
aimed
summarise
discuss
metabolic
mechanisms
G-Rg1
regulation
diverse
measures
improve
its
bioavailability.
As
monomer
medicine
multitarget
pharmacological
effects,
provide
significant
therapeutic
benefits
alleviation
alcoholic
disease,
nonalcoholic
fatty
fibrosis,
viral
hepatitis,
etc.,
mainly
rely
on
inhibition
apoptosis,
strengthening
endogenous
anti-inflammatory
antioxidant
mechanisms,
activation
immune
responses
efflux
transport
signals,
pathological
changes
caused
lipid
deposition,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
accumulation
hepatotoxic
product,
etc.
However,
poor
bioavailability
must
overcome
clinical
application
value.
In
summary,
focusing
hepatoprotective
will
new
insights
into
development
resources
their
pharmaceutical
products
target
treatment
diseases.
Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Abstract
Panax
ginseng
,
a
perennial
herbaceous
plant
and
representative
of
the
genus,
is
renowned
for
its
exceptional
medicinal
value
economic
benefits,
often
referred
to
as
“King
Herbs.”
With
increasing
market
demand
limited
availability
suitable
cultivation
land,
issue
continuous
cropping
obstacles
P.
has
become
increasingly
prominent,
directly
hindering
sustainable
development
industry.
This
article
summarizes
concept
hazards
and,
drawing
on
latest
research,
provides
an
in-depth
analysis
causes
response
mechanisms.
work
aims
establish
solid
foundation
future
research
into
mechanisms
in
.
Foods,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(4), С. 608 - 608
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
As
a
key
component
of
both
traditional
medicine
and
modern
healthcare,
Food–Medicine
Homologous
Herbal
Materials
have
attracted
considerable
attention
in
recent
years.
However,
issues
related
to
the
quality
authenticity
medicinal
materials
on
market
often
arise,
not
only
compromising
their
efficacy
but
also
presenting
potential
risks
consumer
health.
Therefore,
establishment
accurate
efficient
identification
methods
is
crucial
for
ensuring
safety
Food-Medicine
Materials.
This
paper
provides
systematic
review
research
progress
Materials,
starting
with
such
as
morphological
microscopic
identification,
focusing
applications
techniques,
including
biomimetic
recognition,
chromatography,
mass
spectrometry,
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
coupling,
hyperspectral
imaging,
near-infrared
spectroscopy,
terahertz
DNA
barcoding.
Moreover,
it
comprehensive
analysis
fundamental
principles,
advantages,
limitations
these
methods.
Finally,
outlines
current
challenges
faced
by
suggests
future
directions
improvement,
aiming
offer
technical
perspective
identifying
foster
further
development
this
field.
