Evolution of nMOFs in photodynamic therapy: from porphyrins to chlorins and bacteriochlorins for better efficacy
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 18, 2025
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
has
gained
significant
attention
due
to
its
non-invasive
nature,
low
cost,
and
ease
of
operation.
Nanoscale
metal-organic
frameworks
(nMOFs)
incorporating
porphyrins,
chlorins,
bacteriochlorins
have
emerged
as
one
the
most
prominent
photoactive
materials
for
tumor
PDT.
These
nMOFs
could
enhance
water
solubility,
stability
loading
efficiency
photosensitizers
(PSs).
Their
highly
ordered
porous
structure
facilitates
O2
diffusion
enhances
generation
1O2
from
hydrophobic
bacteriochlorins,
thereby
improving
their
efficacy
phototherapy.
This
review
provides
insights
into
PDT
effects
derived
bacteriochlorins.
It
overviews
design
strategies,
types
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
ROS
efficiency,
unique
biological
processes
involved
in
inhibiting
cell
proliferation,
focusing
on
mechanism
by
which
molecular
leads
enhanced
photochemical
properties.
Finally,
highlights
new
possibilities
offered
bacteriochlorins-based
PDT,
emphasizing
how
optimized
can
further
improve
bioapplication
porphyrin
derivatives
represented
PSs.
With
ongoing
research
technological
advancements,
we
anticipate
that
this
will
garner
increased
scientific
researchers
toward
porphyrin-based
nMOFs,
elevating
potential
a
approach
treatment
malignant
tumors.
Язык: Английский
Recent advances in cell membrane-coated porphyrin-based nanoscale MOFs for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024
Porphyrins-based
nanoscale
metal-organic
frameworks
(nMOFs)
has
been
widely
utilized
to
kills
tumor
cells
by
generating
cytotoxic
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
However,
porphyrin
based
nMOFs
(por-nMOFs)
still
face
challenges
such
as
rapid
immune
clearance
and
weak
targeting.
Researchers
have
discovered
that
using
a
top-down
biomimetic
strategy,
where
are
coated
with
cell
membranes,
can
promote
long
blood
circulation,
evade
the
reticuloendothelial
system,
improve
cancer
targeting,
thereby
significantly
enhancing
photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
effect
of
nMOFs.
This
review
summarizes
recent
work
on
different
membranes-coated
por-nMOFs
for
enhanced
PDT.
details
changes
in
physicochemical
properties,
homotypic
cell-selective
endocytosis,
improved
tissue
increased
cytotoxicity
effective
vivo
suppression
after
wrapped
membranes.
Additionally,
this
compares
biological
functions
various
types
including
red
aptamer-modified
hybrid
membranes
from
fusion
cells.
The
highlights
immunogenic
death
function
when
derived
By
summarizing
augmented
PDT
effects
combined
antitumor
outcomes
other
therapeutic
modalities,
aims
provide
new
insights
into
biomedical
applications
offer
more
references
preclinical
application
porphyrin-based
photosensitizers.
Язык: Английский
Metal–organic frameworks as nanoplatforms for combination therapy in cancer treatment
Medical Oncology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
42(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024
Язык: Английский
Recent Advances in Glutathione Depletion-Enhanced Porphyrin-Based nMOFs for Photodynamic Therapy
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(2), С. 244 - 244
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Photodynamic
therapy
has
established
itself
as
a
clinical
treatment
for
certain
superficial
cancers
by
converting
oxygen
into
cytotoxic
singlet
to
eradicate
cancer
cells.
Porphyrin-based
nanoscale
metal-organic
frameworks
have
emerged
promising
photosensitive
platforms
due
their
ability
prevent
the
hydrophobic
aggregation
quenching
of
porphyrin
molecules
and
enhance
accumulation
at
tumor
site,
thereby
becoming
focal
point
in
photodynamic
materials
research.
However,
elevated
levels
glutathione
other
reductive
substances
within
cells
can
alleviate
oxidative
stress
induced
from
process,
thus
protecting
intracellular
biomolecular
structures
damage.
Consequently,
it
is
crucial
design
functionalized
nanoplatforms
that
integrate
depletion
with
porphyrin-based
significantly
boost
efficacy.
Moreover,
excess
disrupt
structure
frameworks,
which
not
only
increases
capacity
generate
upon
light
exposure
but
also
aids
recovery
fluorescence
imaging
capabilities.
Additionally,
this
specificity
minimizes
photosensitizing
harm
normal
tissues.
This
review
compiles
recent
advancements
developing
enhanced
phototherapy
through
depletion.
It
aims
promote
further
application
provide
valuable
insights
preclinical
applications.
By
highlighting
strategies
improve
therapeutic
outcomes
while
maintaining
safety
profiles,
summary
seeks
advance
development
more
effective
targeted
treatments.
Язык: Английский
A Porphyrin-Based Metal–Organic Framework as a Photosensitizer for Singlet Oxygen Generation and Photocatalytic Water Treatment
ACS Applied Optical Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 27, 2025
Язык: Английский
Metal-organic frameworks-loaded indocyanine green for enhanced phototherapy: a comprehensive review
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Май 27, 2025
Indocyanine
green
(ICG)
is
a
small
molecule
approved
by
the
U.S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
for
liver
function
imaging
angiography.
ICG
can
be
used
not
only
near-infrared
but
also
photodynamic
photothermal
therapy.
However,
hydrophilicity
of
leads
to
relatively
short
blood
circulation
time,
it
easily
cleared
organs
such
as
liver.
Moreover,
lacks
targeting
ability
diseased
sites.
By
using
natural
porous
metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
carrier,
high-efficiency
loading
achieved,
which
has
significantly
broadened
its
biomedical
applications.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
research
work
in
recent
years
regarding
utilization
MOF
carrier
load
bioapplication
malignant
cancer
inhibition,
antibacterial
treatment,
treatment
Alzheimer’s
disease.
It
focuses
on
summarizing
design
concepts
different
types
carriers
molecules.
Meanwhile,
emphasizes
enhanced
therapeutic
effects
achieved
when
multiple
modalities
realized
through
post-modification
are
combined
with
ICG-mediated
phototherapy.
expected
that
summary
this
review,
applications
field
disease
further
promoted.
Язык: Английский
Recent Advances in Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1625 - 1625
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024
Porphyrin’s
excellent
biocompatibility
and
modifiability
make
it
a
widely
studied
photoactive
material.
However,
its
large
π-bond
conjugated
structure
leads
to
aggregation
precipitation
in
physiological
solutions,
limiting
the
biomedical
applications
of
porphyrin-based
materials.
It
has
been
demonstrated
through
research
that
fabricating
porphyrin
molecules
into
nanoscale
covalent
organic
frameworks
(COFs)
structures
can
circumvent
issues
such
as
poor
dispersibility
resulting
from
hydrophobicity,
thereby
significantly
augmenting
photoactivity
Porphyrin-based
COF
materials
exert
combined
photodynamic
photothermal
effects,
circumventing
limitations
therapy
(PDT)
due
hypoxia
(PTT)
heat
shock
proteins
or
adverse
impact
excessive
on
protein
activity
normal
tissue.
Furthermore,
porous
COFs
facilitates
circulation
oxygen
reactive
species
promotes
sufficient
contact
with
lesion
site
for
therapeutic
functions.
This
review
covers
recent
progress
regarding
treating
malignant
tumors
venous
thrombosis
antibacterial
anti-inflammatory
uses
via
PDT
PTT.
By
summarizing
relevant
design
strategies,
ranging
molecular
functional
application,
this
provides
reference
basis
enhanced
phototherapy
application
aims
offer
valuable
insights
more
effective
synthesis
existing
experimental
data,
paving
way
their
future
preclinical
utilization.
Язык: Английский