Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(8), С. 2818 - 2818
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2021
It
is
well
established
that
the
maternal
diet
during
periconceptional
period
affects
progeny’s
health.
A
growing
body
of
evidence
suggests
paternal
also
influences
disease
onset
in
offspring.
For
many
years,
sperm
was
considered
only
to
contribute
half
genome.
now
appears
it
plays
a
crucial
role
health
and
offspring’s
adult
life.
The
nutritional
status
environmental
exposure
fathers
their
childhood
and/or
have
significant
transgenerational
consequences.
This
review
aims
describe
effects
various
human
rodent
feeding
patterns
on
metabolism
health,
including
fasting
or
intermittent
fasting,
low-protein
folic
acid
deficient
food,
overnutrition
high-fat
high-sugar
diets.
impact
pregnancy
outcome,
metabolic
pathways,
chronic
will
be
described.
biological
epigenetic
mechanisms
underlying
transmission
from
progeny
discussed.
All
these
data
provide
nutrition
which
could
lead
preventive
recommendations
for
future
fathers.
Frontiers in Pediatrics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
8
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2021
Obesity
is
a
complex
condition
that
interweaves
biological,
developmental,
environmental,
behavioral,
and
genetic
factors;
it
significant
public
health
problem.
The
most
common
cause
of
obesity
throughout
childhood
adolescence
an
inequity
in
energy
balance;
is,
excess
caloric
intake
without
appropriate
expenditure.
Adiposity
rebound
(AR)
early
risk
factor
for
adulthood.
increasing
prevalence
adolescent
associated
with
rise
comorbidities
previously
identified
the
adult
population,
such
as
Type
2
Diabetes
Mellitus,
Hypertension,
Non-alcoholic
Fatty
Liver
disease
(NAFLD),
Obstructive
Sleep
Apnea
(OSA),
Dyslipidemia.
Due
to
lack
single
treatment
option
address
obesity,
clinicians
have
generally
relied
on
counseling
dietary
changes
exercise.
psychosocial
issues
may
accompany
regarding
body
habitus,
this
approach
can
negative
results.
Teens
develop
unhealthy
eating
habits
result
Bulimia
Nervosa
(BN),
Binge-
Eating
Disorder
(BED),
or
Night
syndrome
(NES).
Others
Anorexia
(AN)
they
attempt
restrict
their
diet
overshoot
goal
“being
healthy.”
To
date,
lifestyle
interventions
shown
only
modest
effects
weight
loss.
Emerging
findings
from
basic
science
well
interventional
drug
trials
utilizing
GLP-1
agonists
demonstrated
success
effective
loss
obese
adults,
adolescents,
pediatric
patients.
However,
there
limited
data
efficacy
safety
other
weight-loss
medications
children
adolescents.
Nearly
6%
adolescents
United
States
are
severely
bariatric
surgery
consideration
will
be
discussed.
In
summary,
paper
overview
pathophysiology,
clinical,
psychological
implications,
options
available
Obesity Reviews,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
19(2), С. 121 - 149
Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2017
Summary
Genetic
predisposition
to
obesity
presents
a
paradox:
how
do
genetic
variants
with
detrimental
impact
on
human
health
persist
through
evolutionary
time?
Numerous
hypotheses,
such
as
the
thrifty
genotype
hypothesis,
attempt
explain
this
phenomenon
yet
fail
provide
justification
for
modern
epidemic.
In
critical
review,
we
appraise
existing
theories
explaining
origins
of
and
explore
novel
biological
sociocultural
agents
change
help
modern‐day
distribution
obesity‐predisposing
variants.
drift,
acting
form
‘blind
justice,’
may
randomly
affect
allele
frequencies
across
generations
while
gene
pleiotropy
adaptations
diverse
environments
rise
subsequent
selection
risk
alleles.
As
an
adaptive
response,
epigenetic
regulation
expression
manifestation
obesity.
Finally,
exposure
malnutrition
disease
epidemics
in
wake
oppressive
social
systems,
culturally
mediated
notions
attractiveness
desirability,
mating
systems
play
role
shaping
genome.
important
first
step
towards
identification
drivers
evolution,
review
inform
empirical
research
focused
testing
by
way
population
genetics
mathematical
modelling.
The
goal
of
this
review
article
is
to
provide
a
conceptual
based
summary
how
heritability
estimates
for
complex
traits
such
as
obesity
are
determined
and
explore
the
future
directions
research
in
field.
target
audience
researchers
who
use
data
rather
than
those
conducting
studies.
provides
an
introduction
key
concepts
critical
understanding
studies
including:
i)
definitions
heritability:
broad
sense
versus
narrow
heritability;
ii)
collected:
twin,
adoption,
family
population-based
studies;
iii)
analytical
techniques:
path
analysis,
structural
equations
mixed
or
regressive
models
segregation
analysis.
For
each
section,
discussion
different
methodologies
influence
provided.
general
limitations
discussed
including
issue
"missing
heritability"
which
significantly
higher
variance
explained
by
known
genetic
variants.
Potential
causes
missing
include
restriction
many
association
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms,
gene
interactions,
epigenetics,
environment
interactions.
Innovative
strategies
accounting
modeling
techniques
improved
software
discussed.
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
74(4), С. 313 - 321
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019
<b><i>Background:</i></b>
Exercise
therapy
plays
an
important
role
in
the
prevention
and
treatment
of
type
2
diabetes
(T2DM).
The
mechanism
exercise
improvement
glycolipid
metabolism
T2DM
is
very
complex
not
completely
clear.
<b><i>Summary:</i></b>
training
improves
whole
body
metabolic
health
patients
with
T2DM,
leading
to
increase
uptake
utilization,
improved
insulin
sensitivity,
optimized
mass
index,
modulated
DNA
methylation,
etc.
Recent
findings
support
that
some
cytokines
such
as
irisin,
osteocalcin,
adiponectin
are
closely
related
diseases.
This
study
briefly
reviews
physiological
mechanisms
potential
these
exercise.
<b><i>Key
Messages:</i></b>
More
high-quality,
targeted,
randomized
controlled
studies
needed
urgently,
from
direction,
provide
a
more
theoretical
basis
for
explore
new
therapeutic
targets
diabetes.
Obesity Reviews,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
19(1), С. 62 - 80
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2017
Summary
Obesity
rates
have
escalated
to
the
point
of
a
global
pandemic
with
varying
prevalence
across
ethnic
groups.
These
differences
are
partially
explained
by
lifestyle
factors
in
addition
genetic
predisposition
obesity.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
examination
architecture
Using
examples
from
evolution,
heritability,
admixture,
monogenic
and
polygenic
studies
obesity,
we
provide
explanations
for
The
debate
over
definitions
race
ethnicity,
advantages
limitations
multi‐ethnic
future
directions
research
also
discussed.
Multi‐ethnic
great
potential
better
understanding
obesity
that
may
result
more
targeted
personalized
treatments.
