Consequences of Paternal Nutrition on Offspring Health and Disease DOI Open Access
Pauline Dimofski, David Meyre, Natacha Dreumont

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2818 - 2818

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

It is well established that the maternal diet during periconceptional period affects progeny’s health. A growing body of evidence suggests paternal also influences disease onset in offspring. For many years, sperm was considered only to contribute half genome. now appears it plays a crucial role health and offspring’s adult life. The nutritional status environmental exposure fathers their childhood and/or have significant transgenerational consequences. This review aims describe effects various human rodent feeding patterns on metabolism health, including fasting or intermittent fasting, low-protein folic acid deficient food, overnutrition high-fat high-sugar diets. impact pregnancy outcome, metabolic pathways, chronic will be described. biological epigenetic mechanisms underlying transmission from progeny discussed. All these data provide nutrition which could lead preventive recommendations for future fathers.

Language: Английский

Benefits and limitations of genome-wide association studies DOI
Vivian Tam, Nikunj Patel,

Michelle Turcotte

et al.

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 467 - 484

Published: May 8, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

1709

Genetics of obesity: what genetic association studies have taught us about the biology of obesity and its complications DOI
Mark O. Goodarzi

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 223 - 236

Published: Sept. 15, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

426

Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review DOI Creative Commons
Alvina R. Kansra,

Sinduja Lakkunarajah,

M. Susan Jay

et al.

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Obesity is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors; it significant public health problem. The most common cause of obesity throughout childhood adolescence an inequity in energy balance; is, excess caloric intake without appropriate expenditure. Adiposity rebound (AR) early risk factor for adulthood. increasing prevalence adolescent associated with rise comorbidities previously identified the adult population, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Dyslipidemia. Due to lack single treatment option address obesity, clinicians have generally relied on counseling dietary changes exercise. psychosocial issues may accompany regarding body habitus, this approach can negative results. Teens develop unhealthy eating habits result Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge- Eating Disorder (BED), or Night syndrome (NES). Others Anorexia (AN) they attempt restrict their diet overshoot goal “being healthy.” To date, lifestyle interventions shown only modest effects weight loss. Emerging findings from basic science well interventional drug trials utilizing GLP-1 agonists demonstrated success effective loss obese adults, adolescents, pediatric patients. However, there limited data efficacy safety other weight-loss medications children adolescents. Nearly 6% adolescents United States are severely bariatric surgery consideration will be discussed. In summary, paper overview pathophysiology, clinical, psychological implications, options available

Language: Английский

Citations

385

Adiposity amplifies the genetic risk of fatty liver disease conferred by multiple loci DOI
Stefan Stender, Julia Kozlitina, Børge G. Nordestgaard

et al.

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 842 - 847

Published: April 24, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

354

On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations DOI
Anila Qasim,

Michelle Turcotte,

Russell J. de Souza

et al.

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 121 - 149

Published: Nov. 16, 2017

Summary Genetic predisposition to obesity presents a paradox: how do genetic variants with detrimental impact on human health persist through evolutionary time? Numerous hypotheses, such as the thrifty genotype hypothesis, attempt explain this phenomenon yet fail provide justification for modern epidemic. In critical review, we appraise existing theories explaining origins of and explore novel biological sociocultural agents change help modern‐day distribution obesity‐predisposing variants. drift, acting form ‘blind justice,’ may randomly affect allele frequencies across generations while gene pleiotropy adaptations diverse environments rise subsequent selection risk alleles. As an adaptive response, epigenetic regulation expression manifestation obesity. Finally, exposure malnutrition disease epidemics in wake oppressive social systems, culturally mediated notions attractiveness desirability, mating systems play role shaping genome. important first step towards identification drivers evolution, review inform empirical research focused testing by way population genetics mathematical modelling.

Language: Английский

Citations

213

Assessing the Heritability of Complex Traits in Humans: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities DOI
Alexandra Mayhew, David Meyre

Current Genomics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(4)

Published: March 8, 2017

The goal of this review article is to provide a conceptual based summary how heritability estimates for complex traits such as obesity are determined and explore the future directions research in field. target audience researchers who use data rather than those conducting studies. provides an introduction key concepts critical understanding studies including: i) definitions heritability: broad sense versus narrow heritability; ii) collected: twin, adoption, family population-based studies; iii) analytical techniques: path analysis, structural equations mixed or regressive models segregation analysis. For each section, discussion different methodologies influence provided. general limitations discussed including issue "missing heritability" which significantly higher variance explained by known genetic variants. Potential causes missing include restriction many association single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene interactions, epigenetics, environment interactions. Innovative strategies accounting modeling techniques improved software discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

136

Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation DOI Open Access
Dan Yang, Yifan Yang, Yanlin Li

et al.

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 74(4), P. 313 - 321

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Exercise therapy plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The mechanism exercise improvement glycolipid metabolism T2DM is very complex not completely clear. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> training improves whole body metabolic health patients with T2DM, leading to increase uptake utilization, improved insulin sensitivity, optimized mass index, modulated DNA methylation, etc. Recent findings support that some cytokines such as irisin, osteocalcin, adiponectin are closely related diseases. This study briefly reviews physiological mechanisms potential these exercise. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> More high-quality, targeted, randomized controlled studies needed urgently, from direction, provide a more theoretical basis for explore new therapeutic targets diabetes.

Language: Английский

Citations

131

Environment and obesity DOI Creative Commons

Stylianos Nicolaı̈dis

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 153942 - 153942

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

127

Ethnic and population differences in the genetic predisposition to human obesity DOI

Carolina Stryjecki,

Akram Alyass,

David Meyre

et al.

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 62 - 80

Published: Oct. 10, 2017

Summary Obesity rates have escalated to the point of a global pandemic with varying prevalence across ethnic groups. These differences are partially explained by lifestyle factors in addition genetic predisposition obesity. This review provides comprehensive examination architecture Using examples from evolution, heritability, admixture, monogenic and polygenic studies obesity, we provide explanations for The debate over definitions race ethnicity, advantages limitations multi‐ethnic future directions research also discussed. Multi‐ethnic great potential better understanding obesity that may result more targeted personalized treatments.

Language: Английский

Citations

125

Penetrance of Polygenic Obesity Susceptibility Loci across the Body Mass Index Distribution DOI Creative Commons

Arkan Abadi,

Akram Alyass,

Sébastien Robiou du Pont

et al.

The American Journal of Human Genetics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 101(6), P. 925 - 938

Published: Dec. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

121