Protein–DNA Interactions Regulate Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication, Transcription, and Oncogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(10), С. 8493 - 8493

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of alpha papillomaviruses that cause various illnesses, including cancer. There are more than 160 types HPV, with many being "high-risk" have been clinically linked to cervical and other "Low-risk" HPV less severe conditions, such as genital warts. Over the past few decades, numerous studies shed light on how induces carcinogenesis. The genome circular double-stranded DNA molecule approximately 8 kilobases in size. Replication this strictly regulated requires two virus-encoded proteins, E1 E2. helicase necessary for replisome assembly replication genome. On hand, E2 responsible initiating regulating transcription HPV-encoded genes, most importantly E6 E7 oncogenes. This article explores genetic characteristics high-risk types, roles proteins replication, regulation oncogenes, development oncogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiology, Molecular Pathogenesis, Immuno-Pathogenesis, Immune Escape Mechanisms and Vaccine Evaluation for HPV-Associated Carcinogenesis

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(12), С. 1380 - 1380

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in over 90% of cervical cancer cases, with factors like regional variability, HPV genotype, the population studied, vaccination status, and anatomical sample collection location influencing prevalence pathology HPV-induced cancer. HPV-16 -18 are mainly responsible for progression several cancers, including cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, oropharynx. The oncogenic ability not only sufficient malignancy, but also other tumor-generating steps required production invasive cancer, such as coinfection viruses, lifestyle high parity, smoking, tobacco chewing, use contraceptives a long time, immune responses stimulation chronic stromal inflammation deviation tumor microenvironment. Viral evasion from immunosurveillance supports viral persistence, virus-like particle-based prophylactic vaccines have been licensed, which effective against high-risk types. In addition, awareness programs preventive strategies could help reduce rate incidence infection. this review, we emphasize infection its role progression, molecular immunopathogenesis, host response, by HPV, vaccination, schemes battling HPV-related cancers.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 7803 - 7803

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2023

Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer by modulating central metabolic pathways hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), T-cell leukemia 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Merkel polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients accelerate development. This hypothesis is based on growing evidence regarding ability modulate pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize main relationships date between cancer, providing a summary proposed biochemical mechanisms behind cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, MCPyV) encode their oncogenes. In contrast, RNA (like HCV, HTLV-1) oncogenes trigger host through cis-/-trans activation leading different types cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role an seems occur inhibition oncosuppressors controlling autophagy infected cells. However, these effects could significant particular scenarios like those linked severe long COVID. On other hand, looking at SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from opposite perspective, oncolytic anti-tumor immune response were triggered some cases. summary, our work aims recall comprehensive attention scientific community elucidate and, more general, β-coronavirus susceptibility prevention supporting therapeutic approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Vaccines for HPV-associated diseases

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 94, С. 101224 - 101224

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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High‐risk HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 and their interplay with the innate immune response: Uncovering mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic prospects

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(6)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) tumor viruses causally associated with 5% of human cancers, comprising both anogenital and upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas. Despite the availability prophylactic vaccines, HPVs continue to pose a significant global health challenge, primarily due inadequate vaccine access coverage. These can establish persistent infections by evading intrinsic defenses infected tissues extrinsic provided professional innate immune cells. Crucial for their evasion strategies is unique intraepithelial life cycle, which effectively shields them from host detection. Thus, aimed at reactivating response within or transformed epithelial cells, particularly through production type I interferons (IFNs) lymphocyte-recruiting chemokines, considered viable solutions counteract adverse effects these oncogenic viruses. This review focuses on complex interplay between high-risk HPV oncoproteins E6 E7 in cells HPV-associated cancers. In particular, it details molecular mechanisms modulate response, highlighting progress our comprehension processes. It also examines forward-looking that exploit system ameliorate existing anticancer therapies, thereby providing crucial insights into future therapeutic developments.

Язык: Английский

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