Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7803 - 7803

Published: April 25, 2023

Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer by modulating central metabolic pathways hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), T-cell leukemia 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Merkel polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients accelerate development. This hypothesis is based on growing evidence regarding ability modulate pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize main relationships date between cancer, providing a summary proposed biochemical mechanisms behind cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, MCPyV) encode their oncogenes. In contrast, RNA (like HCV, HTLV-1) oncogenes trigger host through cis-/-trans activation leading different types cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role an seems occur inhibition oncosuppressors controlling autophagy infected cells. However, these effects could significant particular scenarios like those linked severe long COVID. On other hand, looking at SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from opposite perspective, oncolytic anti-tumor immune response were triggered some cases. summary, our work aims recall comprehensive attention scientific community elucidate and, more general, β-coronavirus susceptibility prevention supporting therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally. Persistent high‐risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cancer, with 70% of cancer cases associated types HPV16 18. imposes a significant financial psychological burden. Therefore, studying methods to eradicate halt progression remains crucial. This review comprehensively explores mechanisms underlying HPV‐related lesions, including viral life cycle, immune factors, epithelial cell malignant transformation, host environmental contributing factors. Additionally, we provide comprehensive overview treatment for cancer. Our focus on immunotherapy, encompassing therapeutic vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, advanced adoptive T therapy. Furthermore, summarize commonly employed drugs other nonsurgical treatments currently utilized clinical practice managing lesions. Gene editing technology undergoing research and, although not yet officially numerous preclinical studies have substantiated its efficacy. it holds promise as precise strategy

Language: Английский

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Vaccines for HPV-associated diseases

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 101224 - 101224

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology, Molecular Pathogenesis, Immuno-Pathogenesis, Immune Escape Mechanisms and Vaccine Evaluation for HPV-Associated Carcinogenesis

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1380 - 1380

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in over 90% of cervical cancer cases, with factors like regional variability, HPV genotype, the population studied, vaccination status, and anatomical sample collection location influencing prevalence pathology HPV-induced cancer. HPV-16 -18 are mainly responsible for progression several cancers, including cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, oropharynx. The oncogenic ability not only sufficient malignancy, but also other tumor-generating steps required production invasive cancer, such as coinfection viruses, lifestyle high parity, smoking, tobacco chewing, use contraceptives a long time, immune responses stimulation chronic stromal inflammation deviation tumor microenvironment. Viral evasion from immunosurveillance supports viral persistence, virus-like particle-based prophylactic vaccines have been licensed, which effective against high-risk types. In addition, awareness programs preventive strategies could help reduce rate incidence infection. this review, we emphasize infection its role progression, molecular immunopathogenesis, host response, by HPV, vaccination, schemes battling HPV-related cancers.

Language: Английский

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HPV Infections—Classification, Pathogenesis, and Potential New Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7616 - 7616

Published: July 11, 2024

To date, more than 400 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been identified. Despite the creation effective prophylactic vaccines against most common genital HPVs, viruses remain among prevalent pathogens found in humans. According to WHO data, they are cause 5% all cancers. Even frequent persistent and recurrent benign lesions such as warts. HPVs resistant many disinfectants relatively unsusceptible external conditions. There is still no drug available inhibit viral replication, treatment based on removing or stimulating host immune system. This paper presents systematics HPV differences structure between different genetic types, lineages, sublineages, literature GenBank data. We also present pathogenesis diseases caused by HPV, with a special focus role played E6, E7, other proteins development cancerous lesions. discuss further prospects for infections, including, others, substances that block entry into cells, inhibitors early proteins, some plant origin well new possibilities therapeutic vaccines.

Language: Английский

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