Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
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Язык: Английский
International Journal of Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(4), С. 1436 - 1451
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high incidence and mortality, accounting for approximately 90% liver cancer.The development HCC a complex process involving abnormal activation or inactivation multiple signaling pathways.Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) pathway regulates HCC.TGF-β activates intracellular SMADs protein through membrane receptors, resulting in series biological cascades.Accumulating studies have demonstrated that TGF-β/SMAD plays regulatory functions HCC.However, there still controversy about role HCC.Because it involves different pathogenic factors, disease stages, cell microenvironment, as well upstream downstream relationships other pathways.This review will summary mechanism HCC, regulation populations, microenvironments, interaction microRNAs.In addition, we also introduced small molecule inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, traditional Chinese medicine extracts based on targeting pathway, which provide future research direction therapy pathway.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
29
Oncogenesis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023
Abstract Sustained chronic inflammation of the large intestine leads to tissue damage and repair, which is associated with an increased incidence colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The genetic makeup CAC somewhat similar sporadic carcinoma (sCRC), but there are differences in sequence timing alterations carcinogenesis process. Several models have been developed explain development CAC, particularly “field cancerization” model, proposes that accelerates mutagenesis selects for clonal expansion phenotypically normal, pro-tumorigenic cells. In contrast, “Big Bang” model posits tumorigenic clones multiple driver gene mutations emerge spontaneously. details tumorigenesis—and how they differ from sCRC—are not yet fully understood. this Review, we discuss recent genetic, epigenetic, environmental findings related pathogenesis past five years, a focus on unbiased, high-resolution profiling non-dysplastic field cancerization context inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
39
Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(17), С. 2769 - 2769
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2023
Suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) family proteins are central to one the most versatile cytokine signalling pathways in metazoan biology, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. The TGF-β pathway is widely known for its dual role cancer progression as both an inhibitor tumour cell and inducer metastasis. This mainly mediated through SMAD their cofactors or regulators. act transcription factors, regulating a wide range genes, rich post-translational modifications influenced by variety regulators cofactors. complex role, mechanisms, important functions tumours hot topics current oncology research. In this paper, we summarize recent progress on effects mechanisms development, diagnosis, treatment prognosis, provide clues subsequent research tumours.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
29
Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 31
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024
Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding teeth. linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancers. The oral-systemic link between periodontal systemic attributed spread inflammation, microbial products microbes distant organ systems. Oral bacteria reach gut via swallowed saliva, whereby they induce dysbiosis gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Some pathogens like Porphyromonas. gingivalis, Klebsiella, Helicobacter. Pylori, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetomcommitans Streptococcus mutans can withstand unfavorable acidic, survive in result dysbiosis. Gut increases dysplastic changes that lead dysfunction. Various studies have oral bacteria, oral-gut axis various GIT disorders inflammatory bowel liver diseases, hepatocellular pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease. Although correlation periodontitis well established, intricate molecular mechanisms by which microflora these not been discussed extensively. This review comprehensively discusses unique immunological
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13
Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(23)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays critical roles in immune responses. However, the precise role of TGF-β colitis and colitis-associated cancer remains poorly defined. Here, it is demonstrated that promotes colonic inflammation related tumorigenesis absence Smad family member 4 (Smad4). Smad4 loss intestinal epithelium aggravates neoplasia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) azoxymethane/dextran (AOM/DSS), leading to over-activated responses increased TGF-β1 levels. In Smad4-deficient organoids, stimulates spheroid formation impairs stem cell proliferation lineage specification. YAP, whose expression directly upregulated after deletion, mediates effect interacting with Smad2/3. Attenuation YAP/TAZ prevents TGF-β1-induced Smad4-/- organoids alleviates mice. Collectively, these results highlight an integral TGF-β/Smad4 axis restraining suggest or YAP signaling as therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal diseases intervention.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
20
Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy anticancer treatments in cancer. It affects all stages from the initiation carcinogenesis to metastasis. Chronic inflammation induces immunosup-pression, providing an environment conducive carcinogenesis, whereas acute antitumor immune response, leading suppression. Solid tumors have inflammatory microenvironment (TME) containing cancer cells, stromal soluble molecules, which plays key role progression therapy response. Both cells TME are highly plastic constantly change their phenotypic functional properties. Cancer-associated inflammation, majority consists innate important cell plasticity, development drug resistance. Today, combined used advanced technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing spatial molecular imaging analysis, pathways linking chronic largely elucidated. In this review article, we highlighted cellular mechanisms involved cancer-associated its effects on treatment We also comprehensively setting GI cancers.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
Cognitive impairment is a decline in people's ability to think, learn, and remember, so forth. global health challenge that affects the quality of life thousands people. The condition covers wide range from mild cognitive severe dementia, which includes Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's (PD), among others. While etiology diverse, role chemokines increasingly evident, especially presence chronic inflammation neuroinflammation. Although inflammatory have been linked impairment, usually multifactorial. Researchers are exploring other mediators dysfunction trying develop therapeutic strategies mitigate their effects. pathogenesis disorders very complex, underlying causative mechanisms not clarified, treatment always one challenges field medicine. Therefore, its has important socioeconomic value. Chemokines growing family structurally functionally related small (8-10 kDa) proteins, there evidence pro-inflammatory associated with many neurobiological processes may be relevant neurological beyond classical chemotactic function play crucial progression disorders. In this paper, we review roles regulatory (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL8) impairment. We also discuss intrinsic relationship between two, hoping provide some valuable references for
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023
With the improved quality of life, oral health is under increased pressure. Numerous common mucosal diseases, such as lichen planus(OLP) and gingivitis, are related to destruction immune barrier. The cytokines secreted by T-helper 17 (Th17) cells essential for maintaining homeostasis play roles in surveillance. When antigens stimulate epithelium, Th17 expand, differentiate, generate inflammatory factors recruit other lymphocytes, neutrophils, clear infection, which helps maintain integrity epithelial In contrast, excessive Th17/IL-17 axis reactions may cause autoimmune damage. Therefore, an in-depth understanding role mucosa provide prospects treating diseases. We reviewed various skin systemic diseases with characteristics, based on findings these reports, we emphasize that cellular response be a critical factor mucosa. addition, should pay attention relationship “pathogenic Th17” “non-pathogenic hope reference potential therapeutic target disorders future.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
The Journal of Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024
SMAD4 is a tumor suppressor mutated or silenced in multiple cancers, including oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Human clinical samples and lines, mouse models organoid culture were used to investigate the role that plays progression from benign disease invasive OSCC. OSCC lost detectable protein within epithelium 24% of cases, this loss correlated with worse progression-free survival independent other major pathological features. A model engineered for Kras
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 138, С. 112555 - 112555
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3