Partner Switching and Metabolic Carbon Flux under Thermal Stress in the Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis DOI Creative Commons

Evan M. Heit

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

<p><strong>Reef corals depend heavily on their symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, which are primary source metabolic energy and hence allow them to survive in oligotrophic tropical seas. The between these two partners is exceptionally sensitive environmental change, however, global warming known induce dysbiosis (i.e., breakdown symbiosis) a process referred as ‘coral bleaching’. adaptive bleaching hypothesis posits that host may acquire new dominant Symbiodiniaceae species after event, either from shift relative abundance resident symbionts (‘shuffling’) or uptake environment (‘switching’), better equipping holobiont whole for regime. However, different symbiont types have nutritional implications coral, potentially limiting potential partner shuffling switching. Energy-rich carbon compounds primarily provided by coral glucose, glycerol, lipids. Yet, it poorly understood how climate change impacts this translocation identity influences response. This thesis, therefore, addressed topic, using sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’), globally adopted model system study cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.</strong></p><p>First, I aimed quantify compare pools carbon-based metabolites under thermal stress symbiont, focusing total carbohydrates (Chapter 2). It was hypothesized (33 °C) would cause decline various metabolites, likely due decreased photosynthetic function host, combined elevated catabolism stress. Metabolites were measured range commercially available metabolite-specific assay kits. As predicted, at high temperature, glucose glycerol remained constant even increased controls. latter observation consistent gluconeogenesis synthesis likes glycerol) response demands temperatures. other hand, use metabolite an osmolyte moderator cellular While test-kit approach used here associated considerable amount inter-sample variability, nevertheless confirmed added previous observations gained much more expensive, technically complex metabolomics methods.</p><p>I then compared photosynthates Aiptasia low, control, temperature (15, 25, 33 oC), when colonized Breviolum minutum, only through Indo-Pacific region (the here), Durusdinium trenchii psygmophilum 3). D. thermally tolerant but opportunistic not typically Aiptasia, while often temperate sub-tropical species, including western Atlantic Ocean. B. minutum translocate photosynthate its control out-perform low temperatures, respectively. To test this, radiotracer (NaH14CO3) measure fixation translocation. Contrary expectations, anemones hosting bleached completely both population density controls, containing did bleach extensively those confirming reputation former ‘thermal generalist.’ With respect metabolism, performed similarly slightly out-performed across all though most benefit temperature. had major influence flux lessening impact bleaching. Specifically, facilitated proportionally higher rates symbiont-cell specific photosynthesis translocation, presumably reduced competition CO2, such heat-stressed continued receive similar amounts controls.</p><p>In summary, thesis demonstrates type metabolism symbiosis. Most interestingly, my findings highlight importance research processes underlie physiology generalists aid adaptation reef natural development tools conservation.</p>

Язык: Английский

Horizon scanning the application of probiotics for wildlife DOI Creative Commons
Neus Garcías-Bonet, Anna Roik, Braden Tierney

и другие.

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(3), С. 252 - 269

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2023

The provision of probiotics benefits the health a wide range organisms, from humans to animals and plants. Probiotics can enhance stress resilience endangered many which are critically threatened by anthropogenic impacts. use so-called 'probiotics for wildlife' is nascent application, field needs reflect on standards its development, testing, validation, risk assessment, deployment. Here, we identify main challenges this emerging intervention provide roadmap validate effectiveness wildlife probiotics. We cover essential inert negative controls in trials investigation probiotic mechanisms action. also suggest alternative microbial therapies that could be tested parallel with application. Our recommendations align approaches used humans, aquaculture, plants concept wildlife.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

39
Microbiome Stability Is Linked to Acropora Coral Thermotolerance in Northwestern Philippines DOI Open Access
Jake Ivan Baquiran, John Bennedick Quijano, Madeleine J. H. van Oppen

и другие.

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Corals associate with a diverse community of prokaryotic symbionts that provide nutrition, antioxidants and other protective compounds to their host. However, the influence microbes on coral thermotolerance remains understudied. Here, we examined microbial communities associated colonies Acropora cf. tenuis exhibit high or low upon exposure 33°C (heated) relative 29°C (control). Using 16S rRNA sequencing, show structure all A. was similar each at control temperature. Thermotolerant colonies, however, had relatively greater abundance Endozoicomonas, Arcobacter, Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus. At elevated temperature, only thermosensitive showed distinct shift in microbiome, an increase Flavobacteriales, Rhodobacteraceae Vibrio, accompanying marked bleaching response. Functional prediction indicated thermotolerant corals were enriched for genes related metabolism, while microbiomes cell motility antibiotic compound synthesis. These differences may contribute variable performance under thermal stress. Identification taxa correlated provides insights into beneficial bacterial groups could be used microbiome engineering support reef health changing climate.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Microbial-Based Therapies to Restore and Rehabilitate Disrupted Coral Health DOI
Melanie Dörr, Adam R. Barno, Helena D. M. Villela

и другие.

Coral reefs of the world, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 181 - 195

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Genomic exploration of coral-associated bacteria: identifying probiotic candidates to increase coral bleaching resilience in Galaxea fascicularis DOI Creative Commons
Talisa Doering, Kshitij Tandon, Sanjida H. Topa

и другие.

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Reef-building corals are acutely threatened by ocean warming, calling for active interventions to reduce coral bleaching and mortality. Corals associate with a wide diversity of bacteria which can influence health, but knowledge specific functions that may be beneficial under thermal stress is scant. Under the oxidative theory bleaching, scavenge reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) expected enhance resilience. Further, bacterial carbon export might substitute supply from algal photosymbionts, resilience facilitate recovery. To identify probiotic candidates, we sequenced genomes 82 pure-cultured were isolated emerging model Galaxea fascicularis.Genomic analyses showed isolates affiliated 37 genera. Isolates such as Ruegeria, Muricauda Roseovarius found encode genes synthesis antioxidants mannitol, glutathione, dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, zeaxanthin and/or β-carotene. Genes involved in RNS-scavenging many G. fascicularis-associated bacteria, represents novel finding several genera (including Pseudophaeobacter). Transporters suggested (semiSWEET) detected seven isolates, including Pseudovibrio Roseibium. range strains, strains Roseibium Roseovarius, revealed genomic features colonisation association host, secretion systems eukaryote-like repeat proteins.Our work provides an in-depth analysis functional potential identifies combinations traits coral's ability withstand bleaching. Identifying characterising critical development effective probiotics boost climate Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

21
Localization and symbiotic status of probiotics in the coral holobiont DOI Creative Commons
Pedro Cardoso,

L. Hill,

Helena D. M. Villela

и другие.

mSystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

ABSTRACT Corals establish symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, especially endosymbiotic photosynthetic algae. Although other microbes have been commonly detected in coral tissues, their identity and beneficial functions for host are unclear. Here, we confirm the outcomes of inoculation bacteria selected as probiotics use fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH) to define localization Pocillopora damicornis . Our results show first evidence inherent presence Halomonas sp. Cobetia native even before inoculation. Furthermore, relative enrichment these tissue-associated through corals correlates health improvements, such increases potential, productivity. study suggests status by indicating within gastrodermis epidermis correlating increased abundance active holobiont. This knowledge is crucial facilitate screening application that may not be transient members microbiome. IMPORTANCE Despite promising associated some scarce regarding bacterial cells found tissue, correlation between two aspects still missing. gap limits our understanding actual diversity coral-associated whether symbionts beneficial. Some researchers, example, suggesting probiotic should only focus on very few known bacteria, Endozoicomonas sp., assuming currently tested tissue-associated. provide specific FISH probes expand probiotics. The microorganisms (BMCs) inside tissues gastric cavities also supports notion direct interactions underpin role. a new breakthrough; argue against possibility positive effects BMCs due factors related interaction, simply feeds inoculated or change water quality.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Assessing the contribution of bacteria to the heat tolerance of experimentally evolved coral photosymbionts DOI Creative Commons
Justin Maire, Pranali Deore,

Vanta Jameson

и другие.

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(12), С. 3298 - 3318

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

Coral reefs are extremely vulnerable to ocean warming, which triggers coral bleaching-the loss of endosymbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) from tissues, often leading death. To enhance climate resilience, the symbiont, Cladocopium proliferum was experimentally evolved for >10 years under elevated temperatures resulting in increased heat tolerance. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding showed composition intra- and extracellular bacterial communities heat-evolved strains significantly different that wild-type strains, suggesting bacteria responded temperatures, may even play a role C. thermal assess whether microbiome transplantation could tolerance sensitive proliferum, we transplanted strain subjected it acute stress. Microbiome resulted incorporation only 30 low-abundance into cultures, while relative abundance 14 pre-existing doubled inoculated versus uninoculated samples. Inoculation with either or boosted growth, although no difference observed between two inoculation treatments. This study provides evidence Symbiodiniaceae-associated respond selection contribute adaptation change.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11
Functional potential and evolutionary response to long-term heat selection of bacterial associates of coral photosymbionts DOI Creative Commons
Justin Maire, Gayle K. Philip, Jadzia Livingston

и другие.

mSystems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Symbiotic microorganisms are crucial for the survival of corals and their resistance to coral bleaching in face climate change. However, impact microbe-microbe interactions on functioning is mostly unknown but could be essential factors adaption future climates. Here, we investigated between cultured dinoflagellates Symbiodiniaceae family, photosymbionts corals, associated bacteria. By assessing genomic potential 49 bacteria, found that they likely beneficial Symbiodiniaceae, through production B vitamins antioxidants. Additionally, bacterial genes involved host-symbiont interactions, such as secretion systems, accumulated mutations following long-term exposure heat, suggesting symbiotic may change under This highlights importance functioning.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

9
The Coral Holobiont DOI
Érika P. Santoro, Yusuf C. El‐Khaled,

Phillipe M. Rosado

и другие.

Coral reefs of the world, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 95 - 104

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Challenges for coral restoration in Southwestern Atlantic reefs: guidelines for ethical and sustainable practices DOI
Miguel Mies, Guilherme Ortigara Longo, Adalto Bianchini

и другие.

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Phototrophic bacteria as potential probiotics for corals DOI Creative Commons
Eslam O. Osman, Neus Garcías-Bonet, Pedro Cardoso

и другие.

npj Biodiversity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Coral-associated microorganisms provide crucial nutritional, protective, and developmental benefits, yet many functional traits remain unexplored. Phototrophic bacteria may enhance coral nutrition reduce oxidative stress during bleaching via photosynthesis antioxidant production. Despite this potential, their role in the holobiont's energy budget heat resilience is understudied. This review explores potential of phototrophic to health under environmental stress.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0