Toxins,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(6), С. 410 - 410
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2020
Ascomycete
Cordyceps
fungi
such
as
C.
militaris,
cicadae,
and
guangdongensis
have
been
mass
produced
on
artificial
media
either
food
supplements
or
health
additives
while
the
byproducts
of
culture
substrates
are
largely
used
animal
feed.
The
safety
concerns
associated
with
daily
consumption
related
products
still
being
debated.
On
one
hand,
known
compounds
from
these
adenosine
analogs
cordycepin
pentostatin
demonstrated
different
beneficial
pharmaceutical
activities
but
also
dose-dependent
cytotoxicities,
neurological
toxicities
toxicological
effects
in
humans
animals.
other
possibility
mycotoxin
production
by
has
not
completely
ruled
out.
In
contrast
to
a
few
metabolites
identified,
an
array
biosynthetic
gene
clusters
(BGCs)
encoded
each
genome
potential
produce
plethora
yet
unknown
secondary
metabolites.
Conservation
analysis
BGCs
suggests
that
PR-toxin
trichothecenes
might
be
fungi.
Future
elucidation
functionally
BGCs,
in-depth
assessments
metabolite
bioactivity
chemical
safety,
will
only
facilitate
safe
use
human
alternative
medicine,
benefit
To
corroborate
long
record
traditional
future
efforts
exploration
for
purposes.
Mycologia,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
110(1), С. 4 - 30
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2018
Fungal
entomopathogens
have
been
proposed
as
environmentally
friendly
alternatives
to
chemical
control.
Unfortunately,
their
effectiveness
continues
be
limited
by
susceptibility
ultraviolet
(UV)
light
and
low
moisture.
A
relatively
recent
development,
the
use
of
fungal
endophytes,
might
overcome
traditional
obstacles
impeding
widespread
adoption
also
provide
a
novel
alternative
for
management
insect
pests
plant
pathogens.
In
addition,
some
could
function
biofertilizers.
Eighty-five
papers
covering
109
individual
entomopathogen
studies
involving
12
species
in
six
genera
are
reviewed.
Thirty-eight
19
families
were
studied,
with
maize,
common
bean,
tomato
being
most
investigated.
Of
85
papers,
39
(46%)
examined
effects
endophytism
on
33
17
eight
orders.
Thirty-four
(40%)
response
endophytism,
corresponding
20
species.
Various
inoculation
techniques
(e.g.,
foliar
sprays,
soil
drenching,
seed
soaking,
injections,
etc.)
effective
introducing
but
colonization
appears
localized
ephemeral.
The
field
pathology
will
not
substantially
profit
from
dozens
additional
attempting
introduce
into
wider
array
plants,
without
understand
mechanisms
underlying
responses
such
consequent
This
review
presents
several
areas
that
should
receive
focused
attention
increase
probability
success
making
this
technology
an
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
19(1), С. 23 - 42
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020
Abstract
Entomopathogenic
fungi
(EPF)
are
microorganisms
that
cause
fatal
diseases
of
arthropods.
The
infection
process
involves
several
stages
consist
direct
contact
the
fungus
with
surface
cuticle
attacked
insect.
factors
determine
effectiveness
include
lytic
enzymes,
secondary
metabolites,
and
adhesins
produced
by
EPF.
Because
their
high
insecticidal
effectiveness,
these
commonly
used
as
biopesticides
in
organic
farming.
As
environment
farmlands
contaminated
many
compounds
anthropogenic
origin
(e.g.,
pesticides),
effects
toxic
on
EPF
mechanisms
affect
survival
such
a
have
been
studied
recent
years.
This
review
presents
information
capacity
to
remove
contaminants,
including
alkylphenols,
organotin
compounds,
synthetic
estrogens,
pesticides
hydrocarbons.
Moreover,
produce
numerous
metabolites
can
be
potentially
medicine
or
antimicrobial
agents.
Despite
huge
potential
biocontrol
processes,
use
has
underestimated
due
lack
knowledge
abilities.
In
our
work,
we
presented
available
data
possibilities
additional
unconventional
microorganisms.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024
Insects
constitute
approximately
75%
of
the
world’s
recognized
fauna,
with
majority
species
considered
as
pests.
Entomopathogenic
fungi
(EPF)
are
parasitic
microorganisms
capable
efficiently
infecting
insects,
rendering
them
potent
biopesticides.
In
response
to
infections,
insects
have
evolved
diverse
defense
mechanisms,
prompting
EPF
develop
a
variety
strategies
overcome
or
circumvent
host
defenses.
While
interaction
mechanisms
between
and
is
well
established,
recent
findings
underscore
that
their
interplay
more
intricate
than
previously
thought,
especially
evident
across
different
stages
infection.
This
review
primarily
focuses
on
insect
strategies,
centered
around
three
infection
stages:
(1)
Early
stage:
involving
pre-contact
detection
avoidance
behavior
in
along
induction
behavioral
responses
upon
contact
cuticle;
(2)
Penetration
intra-hemolymph
growth
initiation
cellular
humoral
immune
functions
while
symbiotic
microbes
can
further
contribute
resistance;
(3)
Host
insect’s
death
ultimate
confrontation
pathogens
insects.
Infected
strive
separate
themselves
from
healthy
population,
rely
infected
spread
new
hosts.
Also,
we
discuss
novel
pest
management
strategy
underlying
cooperation
disturbing
system.
By
enhancing
our
understanding
insect,
this
provides
perspectives
for
EPF-mediated
developing
effective
fungal
insecticides.
Natural Product Reports,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
37(9), С. 1181 - 1206
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020
Covering:
2014
up
to
the
third
quarter
of
2019
Entomopathogens
constitute
a
unique,
specialized
trophic
subgroup
fungi,
most
whose
members
belong
order
Hypocreales
(class
Sordariomycetes,
phylum
Ascomycota).
These
Hypocrealean
Entomopathogenic
Fungi
(HEF)
produce
large
variety
secondary
metabolites
(SMs)
and
their
genomes
rank
highly
for
number
predicted,
unique
SM
biosynthetic
gene
clusters.
SMs
from
HEF
have
diverse
roles
in
insect
pathogenicity
as
virulence
factors
by
modulating
various
interactions
between
producer
fungus
its
host.
In
addition,
these
also
defend
carcass
prey
against
opportunistic
microbial
invaders,
mediate
intra-
interspecies
communication,
mitigate
abiotic
biotic
stresses.
Thus,
contribute
role
commercial
biopesticides
context
integrated
pest
management
systems,
provide
lead
compounds
development
chemical
pesticides
crop
protection.
bioactive
underpin
widespread
use
certain
nutraceuticals
traditional
remedies,
allowed
modern
pharmaceutical
industry
repurpose
some
molecules
life-saving
human
medications.
Herein,
we
survey
structures
biological
activities
described
HEF,
summarize
new
information
on
fungal
virulence.
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
15(7), С. e1007831 - e1007831
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2019
Endophytic
insect-pathogenic
fungi
(EIPF)
are
both
plant
mutualists
and
insect
pathogens,
living
inside
tissues
without
causing
any
symptoms
to
their
partner
while
also
parasitizing
killing
insects
[1].These
interactions
can
occur
simultaneously
lead
the
demise
of
pests.The
ecology
evolution
EIPF
still
not
fully
understood;
however,
several
studies
have
investigated
diversity
[2,3],
mechanisms
infection
[4,5],
nature
plant-insect-fungus
relationships
[6,7].These
multikingdom
particular
interest
only
because
an
ideal
model
for
understanding
symbioses,
but
they
widely
used
practical
applications
particularly
relevant
agricultural
pest
control
[8].Here,
we
provide
overview
on
by
reviewing
what
is
currently
known
about
evolution,
ecology,
colonization.We
address
real-world
identify
possible
research
directions
field
in
future.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
8(5), С. 488 - 488
Опубликована: Май 7, 2022
Entomopathogenic
fungi
are
extensively
used
for
the
control
of
insect
pests
worldwide.
Among
them,
Beauveria
bassiana
(Ascomycota:
Hypocreales)
produce
a
plethora
toxic
secondary
metabolites
that
either
facilitate
fungal
invasion
or
act
as
immunosuppressive
compounds.
These
toxins
have
different
chemical
natures,
such
nonribosomal
peptides
and
polyketides.
Even
though
their
precise
role
is
poorly
understood,
they
usually
linked
to
virulence.
produced
by
expression
gene
clusters
encoding
various
proteins
needed
biosynthesis.
Each
cluster
includes
synthetases
(NRPS),
polyketides
(PKS),
hybrid
NRPS–PKS
genes.
The
aim
this
review
summarize
information
available
from
transcriptomics
quantitative
PCR
studies
related
B.
NRPS
PKS
genes
inside
insects
infection
progresses;
host
immune
response,
help
understand
mechanisms
these
trigger
virulence
factors,
antimicrobials,
immunosuppressives
within
context
fungus–insect
interaction.
