Nano Energy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
119, С. 109040 - 109040
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2023
Myopia
presents
a
formidable
challenge,
especially
in
children,
where
clinical
management
involves
the
use
of
atropine
and
7-methylxanthine,
necessitating
multiple
doses,
strong
side
effects
encountering
suboptimal
compliance
due
to
children's
resistance.
In
response
these
issues,
our
research
proposes
self-generated
electricity-driven
drug
delivery
system
(EDDDS)
designed
for
precision
myopia
treatment.
The
EDDDS
intelligently
releases
therapeutic
drugs,
such
as
atropine,
at
ocular
tissues
using
drug-coated
nanogenerators,
aiming
effectively
slow
down
progression
myopia.
This
combines
nanotechnology
smart
mechanisms
achieve
controlled
responsive
administration.
nanogenerators
embedded
generate
electric
fields
that
trigger
release
upon
closing
eyes
conditions,
providing
targeted
Simultaneously,
weak
voltage
can
relieve
ciliary
muscle,
offering
additional
benefits
management.
vitro
vivo
experiments
have
demonstrated
efficacy
potential
precisely
modulating
progression.
proposed
holds
significant
promise
an
advanced
high-precision
approach
Its
address
limitations
current
treatments
makes
it
promising
avenue
future
applications.
Experimental Eye Research,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
219, С. 109071 - 109071
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022
The
global
prevalence
of
myopia,
or
nearsightedness,
has
increased
at
an
alarming
rate
over
the
last
few
decades.
An
eye
is
myopic
if
incoming
light
focuses
prior
to
reaching
retinal
photoreceptors,
which
indicates
a
mismatch
in
its
shape
and
optical
power.
This
commonly
results
from
excessive
axial
elongation.
Important
drivers
myopia
epidemic
include
environmental
factors,
genetic
their
interactions,
e.g.,
factors
influencing
effects
factors.
One
factor
often
hypothesized
be
driver
light,
changed
drastically
rapidly
on
scale.
In
support
this,
it
well
established
that
size
regulated
by
homeostatic
process
incorporates
visual
cues
(emmetropization).
allows
detect
minimize
refractive
errors
quite
accurately
locally
time
modulating
elongation
via
remodeling
outermost
coat,
sclera.
Critically,
emmetropization
not
dependent
post-retinal
processing.
Thus,
appear
influence
through
retina-to-sclera,
retinoscleral,
signaling
cascade,
capable
transmitting
information
innermost
layer
layer.
Despite
significant
research
interest,
specifics
retinoscleral
pathways
remain
elusive.
While
pharmacological
treatments
have
proven
effective
slowing
(most
notably
topical
atropine),
mechanisms
behind
these
are
still
fully
understood.
Additionally,
several
neuromodulators,
neurotransmitters,
other
small
molecules
been
found
length
and/or
error
influenced
myopigenic
cues,
yet
little
progress
made
explaining
how
signal
originates
retina
crosses
highly
vascular
choroid
affect
Here,
we
compile
synthesize
evidence
surrounding
three
major
candidate
receiving
attention
-
dopamine,
retinoic
acid,
adenosine.
All
candidates
both
correlational
causal
backing
involvement
implicated
multiple
independent
groups
across
diverse
species.
Two
presented
for
retina-originating
1)
all-trans
acid
2)
choroidal
blood
flow
scleral
oxygenation.
Evidence
crosstalk
between
discussed
context
two
mechanisms.
Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024
Abstract
Background
Myopia,
commonly
known
as
near-sightedness,
has
emerged
a
global
epidemic,
impacting
almost
one
in
three
individuals
across
the
world.
The
increasing
prevalence
of
myopia
during
early
childhood
heightened
risk
developing
high
and
related
sight-threatening
eye
conditions
adulthood.
This
surge
rates,
occurring
within
relatively
stable
genetic
framework,
underscores
profound
influence
environmental
lifestyle
factors
on
this
condition.
In
comprehensive
narrative
review,
we
shed
light
both
established
potential
contributors
that
affect
development
progression
myopia.
Main
body
Epidemiological
interventional
research
consistently
revealed
compelling
connection
between
increased
outdoor
time
decreased
children.
protective
effect
may
primarily
be
attributed
to
exposure
characteristics
natural
(i.e.,
sunlight)
release
retinal
dopamine.
Conversely,
irrespective
time,
excessive
engagement
near
work
can
further
worsen
onset
While
exact
mechanisms
behind
exacerbation
are
not
fully
comprehended,
it
appears
involve
shifts
relative
peripheral
refraction,
overstimulation
accommodation,
or
complex
interplay
these
factors,
leading
issues
like
image
defocus,
blur,
chromatic
aberration.
Other
spatial
frequency
visual
environment,
circadian
rhythm,
sleep,
nutrition,
smoking,
socio-economic
status,
education
have
debatable
independent
influences
development.
Conclusion
environment
exerts
significant
Improving
modifiable
key
predictors
spent
outdoors
prevent
slow
intricate
connections
often
obscure
findings,
making
challenging
disentangle
their
individual
effects.
complexity
necessity
for
prospective
studies
employ
objective
assessments,
such
quantifying
work,
among
others.
These
crucial
gaining
more
understanding
how
various
modified
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
64(6), С. 7 - 7
Опубликована: Май 1, 2023
Myopia
is
a
dynamic
and
rapidly
moving
field,
with
ongoing
research
providing
better
understanding
of
the
etiology
leading
to
novel
myopia
control
strategies.
In
2019,
International
Institute
(IMI)
assembled
published
series
white
papers
across
relevant
topics
updated
evidence
digest
in
2021.
Here,
we
summarize
findings
key
from
previous
2
years.
Studies
animal
models
have
continued
explore
how
wavelength
intensity
light
influence
eye
growth
examined
new
pharmacologic
agents
scleral
cross-linking
as
potential
strategies
for
slowing
myopia.
children,
term
premyopia
gaining
interest
increased
attention
early
implementation
control.
Most
studies
use
IMI
definitions
≤-0.5
diopters
(D)
≤-6.0
D
high
myopia,
although
categorization
structural
consequences
remain
an
issue.
Clinical
trials
demonstrated
that
newer
spectacle
lens
designs
incorporating
multiple
segments,
lenslets,
or
diffusion
optics
exhibit
good
efficacy.
considerations
factors
influencing
efficacy
soft
multifocal
contact
lenses
orthokeratology
are
discussed.
Topical
atropine
remains
only
widely
accessible
treatment.
Rebound
observed
higher
concentration
not
evident
lower
concentrations
optical
interventions.
Overall,
treatments
show
little
adverse
effect
on
visual
function
appear
generally
safe,
longer
wear
times
combination
therapies
maximizing
outcomes.
An
emerging
category
light-based
children
requires
comprehensive
safety
data
enable
risk
versus
benefit
analysis.
Given
success
strategies,
ethics
including
arm
clinical
heavily
debated.
recommendations
trial
protocols
Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Myopia
is
far
beyond
its
inconvenience
and
represents
a
true,
highly
prevalent,
sight-threatening
ocular
condition,
especially
in
Asia.
Without
adequate
interventions,
the
current
epidemic
of
myopia
projected
to
affect
50%
world
population
by
2050,
becoming
leading
cause
irreversible
blindness.
Although
blurred
vision,
predominant
symptom
myopia,
can
be
improved
contact
lenses,
glasses
or
refractive
surgery,
corrected
particularly
high
still
carries
risk
secondary
blinding
complications
such
as
glaucoma,
myopic
maculopathy
retinal
detachment,
prompting
need
for
prevention.
Epidemiological
studies
have
reported
an
association
between
outdoor
time
prevention
children.
The
protective
effect
spent
outdoors
could
due
unique
characteristics
(intensity,
spectral
distribution,
temporal
pattern,
etc.)
sunlight
that
are
lacking
artificial
lighting.
Concomitantly,
animal
models
highlighted
efficacy
light
components
delaying
even
stopping
development
endeavoured
elucidate
possible
mechanisms
involved
this
process.
In
narrative
review,
we
(1)
summarize
knowledge
concerning
modulation
growth
error
based
on
human
models,
(2)
potential
neurobiological
effects
emmetropization
(3)
highlight
pathway
translational
noninvasive
light-therapy
strategies
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
42(2), С. 335 - 344
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022
To
determine
the
effect
of
low-intensity,
long-wavelength
red
light
therapy
(LLRT)
on
inhibition
myopia
progression
in
children.A
retrospective
study
was
conducted.
One
hundred
and
five
myopic
children
(spherical
equivalent
refractive
error
[SER]
-3.09
±
1.74
dioptres
[D];
mean
age,
9.19
2.40
years)
who
underwent
LLRT
treatment
(power
0.4
mW,
wavelength
635
nm)
twice
per
day
for
3
min
each
session,
with
at
least
a
4-h
interval
between
sessions,
control
group
56
(SER
-3.04
1.66
D;
8.62
2.45
were
evaluated.
Both
groups
wore
single-vision
distance
spectacles.
Each
child
returned
follow-up
examination
every
months
after
initial
measurements
total
9
months.At
months,
SER
-2.87
1.89
D,
significantly
greater
than
that
(-3.57
1.49
p
<
0.001).
Axial
length
(AL)
changes
-0.06
0.19
mm
0.26
0.15
(p
0.001),
respectively.
The
subfoveal
choroidal
thickness
changed
by
45.32
30.88
μm
treated
9-month
Specifically,
substantial
hyperopic
shift
(0.31
0.24
D
0.20
0.14
respectively,
=
0.02)
found
8-14
year
olds
compared
4-7
old
children.
decrease
AL
subjects
baseline
>24
-0.08
mm,
those
≤24
(-0.04
0.18
0.03).Repetitive
exposure
to
associated
slower
reduced
axial
growth
short
durations
treatment.
These
results
require
further
validation
randomised
controlled
trials.
Ophthalmology and Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(3), С. 939 - 957
Опубликована: Март 11, 2022
The
aim
of
this
article
was
to
comprehensively
review
the
relationship
between
light
exposure
and
myopia
with
a
focus
on
effects
wavelength,
illuminance,
contrast
occurrence
progression
myopia.
This
performed
by
searching
PubMed
data
sets
including
research
articles
reviews
utilizing
terms
"light",
"myopia",
"refractive
error",
"illuminance",
concluded
in
November
2021.
Myopia
onset
were
closely
linked
emmetropization
hyperopia.
To
better
elucidate
mechanism
myopia,
some
that
focused
topic
included.
is
based
previously
conducted
studies
does
not
contain
any
new
human
participants
or
animals
authors.
pathogenesis
prevention
are
completely
clear.
Studies
have
provided
evidence
supporting
idea
could
affect
eye
growth
three
ways.
Changing
corresponding
conditions
will
cause
changes
rate
mode
eyes,
preliminary
results
shown
FR/NIR
(far
red/near-infrared)
effective
for
juveniles.
discusses
aims
providing
clues
theoretical
basis
use
control
development
offering
ideas
subsequent
studies.
Abstract
The
exposome
depicts
the
total
exposures
in
lifetime
of
an
organism.
Human
comprises
from
environmental
and
humanistic
sources.
Biological,
chemical,
physical
pose
potential
health
threats,
especially
to
susceptible
populations.
Although
still
its
nascent
stage,
we
are
beginning
recognize
vast
dynamic
nature
exposome.
In
this
review,
systematically
summarize
biological
chemical
exposomes
three
broad
matrices—air,
soil,
water;
each
contains
several
distinct
subcategories,
along
with
a
brief
introduction
Disease‐related
highlighted,
humans
also
major
source
disease‐related
exposures.
We
further
discuss
interactions
between
biological,
exposomes.
Finally,
propose
list
outstanding
challenges
under
research
framework
that
need
be
addressed
move
field
forward.
Taken
together,
present
detailed
landscape
prime
researchers
join
exciting
new
field.
Annual Review of Vision Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(1), С. 245 - 267
Опубликована: Май 17, 2023
We
live
on
a
planet
that
is
bathed
in
daily
and
seasonal
sunlight
cycles.
In
this
context,
terrestrial
life
forms
have
evolved
mechanisms
directly
harness
light
energy
(plants)
or
decode
information
for
adaptive
advantage.
animals,
the
main
sensors
are
family
of
G
protein-coupled
receptors
called
opsins.
Opsin
function
best
described
visual
sense.
However,
most
animals
also
use
opsins
extraocular
sensing
behavior
camouflage.
While
it
has
long
been
believed
mammals
do
not
an
capacity,
recent
evidence
suggests
otherwise.
Notably,
encephalopsin
(OPN3)
neuropsin
(OPN5)
both
known
to
mediate
mice.
Examples
mediation
include
photoentrainment
circadian
clocks
skin
(by
OPN5)
acute
light-dependent
regulation
metabolic
pathways
OPN3
OPN5).
This
review
summarizes
current
findings
expanding
field
photoreception
their
relevance
human
physiology.
PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(3), С. e3002535 - e3002535
Опубликована: Март 12, 2024
Light
enables
vision
and
exerts
widespread
effects
on
physiology
behavior,
including
regulating
circadian
rhythms,
sleep,
hormone
synthesis,
affective
state,
cognitive
processes.
Appropriate
lighting
in
animal
facilities
may
support
welfare
ensure
that
animals
enter
experiments
an
appropriate
physiological
behavioral
state.
Furthermore,
proper
consideration
of
light
during
experimentation
is
important
both
when
it
explicitly
employed
as
independent
variable
a
general
feature
the
environment.
This
Consensus
View
discusses
metrics
to
use
for
quantification
nonhuman
mammals
their
application
improve
quality
research.
It
provides
methods
measuring
these
metrics,
practical
guidance
implementation
husbandry
experimentation,
quantitative
exposure
laboratory
mammals.
The
provided
has
potential
data
contribute
reduction
refinement,
helping
more
ethical
use.