Ruminococcus gnavus: friend or foe for human health

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Abstract Ruminococcus gnavus was first identified in 1974 as a strict anaerobe the gut of healthy individuals, and for several decades, its study has been limited to specific enzymes or bacteriocins. With advent metagenomics, R. associated both positively negatively with an increasing number intestinal extraintestinal diseases from inflammatory bowel neurological disorders. This prompted renewed interest understanding adaptation mechanisms gut, molecular mediators affecting association health disease. From ca. 250 publications citing since 1990, 94% were published last 10 years. In this review, we describe biological characterization gnavus, occurrence infant adult microbiota factors influencing colonization gastrointestinal tract; also discuss current state our knowledge on role host We highlight gaps hypothesis that differential outcomes are strain niche specific.

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2), С. 690 - 690

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2021

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest GM can influence health host, several factors modify composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis affect brain immune homeostasis through microbiota-gut-brain axis play key role pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia Alzheimer's disease (AD). relationship between AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests it enhance secretion lipopolysaccharides amyloids may disturb intestinal permeability blood-brain barrier. In addition, promote hallmarks AD, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, ultimately causation neural death. Poor dietary habits aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, contribute AD. Thus, modulation probiotics, or fecal transplantation could represent potential therapeutics this review, we discuss therapeutic strategies modulate

Язык: Английский

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Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Язык: Английский

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The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(18), С. 3809 - 3809

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Foods high in carbohydrates are an important part of a healthy diet, since they provide the body with glucose to support bodily functions and physical activity. However, abusive consumption refined, simple, low-quality has direct implication on mental pathophysiology. Then, carbohydrate is postulated as crucial factor development main Western diseases 21st century. We conducted this narrative critical review using MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, CinAhl databases MeSH-compliant keywords: evolution, development, phylogenetic, GUT, microbiota, stress, metabolic health, behaviors, disease, cardiovascular anxiety, depression, cancer, chronic kidney failure, allergies, asthma order analyze impact health. Evidence suggests that carbohydrates, especially fiber, beneficial for well-being growth gut microorganisms consequently host symbiotic relationship, producing microbial alterations negative effect health different organic systems. In addition, evidence simple refined mood categories, including alertness tiredness, reinforcing vicious circle. Regarding sugar intake can affect prognosis uncontrolled puts individuals at risk developing syndrome subsequently disease.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(7), С. 2645 - 2673

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

Abstract Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is complex picture genetic environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota in spotlight new research related to this kind psychiatric disorder, as can be consistently several pathophysiological events observed BD. In context so-called microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis, shown have strong influence on host neuromodulation endocrine functions (i.e., controlling synthesis neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating activation hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis), well modulation immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). present review aims elucidate derived from MGB axis disruption possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing network Understanding its bidirectional communication other systems shed light discovery therapies for improving clinical management these patients. Besides, effect drugs currently used patients, together therapeutical targeting ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, novelties) will also contemplated.

Язык: Английский

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Gone Too Soon: priorities for action to prevent premature mortality associated with mental illness and mental distress

The Lancet Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(6), С. 452 - 464

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The correlation between gut microbiota and both neurotransmitters and mental disorders: A narrative review

Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(5), С. e37114 - e37114

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is embedded with microorganisms of numerous genera, referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has multiple effects on many body organs, including the brain. There a bidirectional connection between and brain called gut-brain-axis, these connections are formed through immunological, neuronal, neuroendocrine pathways. In addition, modulates synthesis functioning neurotransmitters. Therefore, disruption in composition or function, which known dysbiosis, associated pathogenesis mental disorders, such schizophrenia, depression, other psychiatric disorders. This review aims summarize modulation role 4 prominent neurotransmitters (tryptophan serotonergic system, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate), well its association disorders (schizophrenia, anxiety autism spectrum disorder). More future research required develop efficient gut-microbiota-based therapies for illnesses.

Язык: Английский

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Hidden Role of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Schizophrenia: Antipsychotics or Psychobiotics as Therapeutics?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(14), С. 7671 - 7671

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2021

Schizophrenia is a chronic, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that has complex symptoms and uncertain etiology. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of genetics epigenetic disturbances, alteration in gut microbiome, immune system abnormalities, environmental influence disease, but single root cause mechanism involved yet to be conclusively determined. Consequently, identification diagnostic markers development psychotic drugs for treatment schizophrenia faces high failure rate. This article surveys etiology with particular focus on microbiota regulation microbial signaling correlates brain through vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, production postbiotics. Gut microbially produced molecules may lay groundwork further investigations into role dysbiosis pathophysiology schizophrenia. Current limited psychotherapy antipsychotic have significant side effects. Therefore, alternative therapeutic options merit exploration. The use psychobiotics alone or combination antipsychotics promote novel strategies. In view individual microbiome structure personalized response drugs, tailored targeted manipulation diversity naturally by prebiotics (non-digestible fiber) successful patients.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome in Precision Psychiatry: An Overview of the Ethical Challenges Regarding Microbiome Big Data and Microbiome-Based Interventions

AJOB Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(4), С. 270 - 286

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2021

There has been a spurt in both fundamental and translational research that examines the underlying mechanisms of human microbiome psychiatric disorders. The personalized dynamic features suggest potential its manipulation for precision psychiatry ways to improve mental health avoid disease. However, findings field also raise philosophical ethical questions. From point view, they may yet be another attempt at providing biological cause phenomena ultimately cannot so easily localized. an it is relevant gut comprises data on individual's lifestyle, disease history, previous medications, health. Massive datasets sequences are collected facilitate comparative studies identify specific links between Although this emerging domain show promise patients, surrounded by challenges regarding patient privacy, risks, effects personal identity, concerns about responsibility. This narrative overview displays roles advances discusses implications big microbiome-based interventions patients. We investigate whether these issues really "new," or "old wine new bottles."

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(7), С. 1428 - 1428

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2022

The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is effect on host immunity through uptake nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and involved immune response. GM are not limited to gut, but bidirectional interactions between various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These termed interorganic axes by several authors, which gut-brain, gut-skin, gut-lung, gut-heart, gut-metabolism stand out. It has shown an organism healthy or homeostasis when balance. However, altered dysbiosis represents a critical factor pathogenesis many local systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene this context, which, according published studies, allows balance be maintained GM, leading individual's good health.

Язык: Английский

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