Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2018

Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older positively linked to cognitive biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, decline. Oxidative stress considered an imbalance between pro- antioxidant species, which results in molecular cellular damage. plays a crucial role development age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that can control autoxidation by interrupting propagation free radicals or inhibiting formation subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage highly dependent on inherited acquired defects enzymes involved redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, molecules with activity promote aging counteract worth discuss further. Of particular interest this article, we highlighted mechanisms antioxidants prevention Taken together, better understanding redox modulation inflammation would provide useful approach for potential interventions, promoting

Язык: Английский

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NAD+ metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) and its metabolites function as critical regulators to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells adapt environmental changes including nutrient perturbation, genotoxic factors, circadian disorder, infection, inflammation xenobiotics. These effects are mainly achieved by driving effect of NAD on metabolic pathways enzyme cofactors transferring hydrogen in oxidation-reduction reactions. Besides, multiple -dependent enzymes involved physiology either post-synthesis chemical modification DNA, RNA proteins, or releasing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) NAADP . Prolonged disequilibrium metabolism disturbs physiological functions, resulting diseases diseases, cancer, aging neurodegeneration disorder. In this review, we summarize recent advances our understanding molecular mechanisms -regulated responses stresses, contribution deficiency various via manipulating cellular communication networks potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Glutathione in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapies

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(10), С. 1429 - 1429

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2020

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol present at millimolar concentrations in mammalian tissues. As an important intracellular antioxidant, it acts as a regulator of cellular redox state protecting cells from damage caused by lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, xenobiotics. Recent studies have highlighted importance GSH key signal transduction reactions controller cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, ferroptosis immune function. Molecular changes antioxidant system disturbances homeostasis been implicated tumor initiation, progression, treatment response. Hence, has both protective pathogenic roles. Although healthy crucial for removal detoxification carcinogens, elevated levels are associated with progression increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, several novel therapies developed target tumors means response decreased drug resistance. In this comprehensive review we explore mechanisms functionalities different therapeutic approaches that either directly, indirectly or use GSH-based prodrugs. Consideration also given computational methods used describe related processes silico testing effects.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(7), С. 235 - 235

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019

Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress major detrimental consequences the most common stressors poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed survive an oxygenated atmosphere. They include complex network internally synthesised (e.g., enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants work cooperatively as team maintain optimal redox balance cell/body. This is key element providing necessary conditions for cell signalling, vital process regulation expression various genes, adaptation homeostasis maintenance body. Since considered be important signalling molecules, their concentration strictly regulated by conjunction with transcription factors vitagenes. activation vitagenes via such Nrf2 leads additional synthesis array protective molecules which can deal increased Therefore, it challenging task develop system supplementation help growing/productive birds effective defences On one hand, antioxidants, vitamin or minerals Se, Mn, Cu Zn) compulsory part pre-mixes poultry, and, cases, adequate meet physiological requirements these elements. other due aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there need support poultry. new direction improving related opportunity activate (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH thioredoxin, Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat factor (HSP), sirtuins, maximise internal AO protection maintenance. development vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements on agenda many companies worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Advanced Lipoxidation and Glycation End Products (ALEs and AGEs) in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 2019, С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2019

Oxidative stress is a consequence of the use oxygen in aerobic respiration by living organisms and denoted as persistent condition an imbalance between generation reactive species (ROS) ability endogenous antioxidant system (AOS) to detoxify them. The oxidative theory has been confirmed many animal studies, which demonstrated that maintenance cellular homeostasis biomolecular stability integrity crucial for longevity successful aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein (proteostasis) network, alteration activities transcription factors such Nrf2 NF- κ B, disturbances quality control machinery includes molecular chaperones, ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS), autophagy/lysosome pathway have observed during aging age-related chronic diseases. accumulation ROS under conditions results induction lipid peroxidation glycoxidation reactions, leads elevated production aldehydes their derivatives glyoxal, methylglyoxal (MG), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) giving rise advanced lipoxidation glycation end products (ALEs AGEs, respectively). Both ALEs AGEs play key roles response stimuli through regulation variety cell signaling pathways. However, ALE AGE cross-linking aggregation resulting functioning causes damage death. This implicated various pathologies inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, vascular complications diabetes mellitus. In present review, we discuss experimental data evidencing impairment functions caused AGE/ALE conditions. We focused on implications ALEs/AGEs diseases demonstrate identification dysfunctions involved disease initiation progression can serve basis discovery relevant therapeutic agents.

Язык: Английский

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Vanadium in Biological Action: Chemical, Pharmacological Aspects, and Metabolic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus

Biological Trace Element Research, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 188(1), С. 68 - 98

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2018

Vanadium compounds have been primarily investigated as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various major health issues, including cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The translation vanadium-based into clinical trials ultimately disease treatments remains hampered by absence a basic pharmacological metabolic comprehension such compounds. In this review, we examine development vanadium-containing in biological systems regarding role physiological environment, dosage, intracellular interactions, transformations, modulation signaling pathways, toxicology, transport tissue distribution well implications. From our point view, toxicological aspects animal models humans are not understood completely, thus, introduced them environment dosage context. Different proteins blood plasma mechanistic determinants discussed. Furthermore, an overview different vanadium species factors (i.e., pH, redox conditions, concentration, so on) considered. Mechanistic specifications about pathways discussed, particularly phosphatases kinases that modulated dynamically because until now, focus only has on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B target. Particular emphasis is laid ability their diabetes mellitus, specifically vanadate- polioxovanadate-containing We aim at shedding light prevailing gaps between primary scientific data information from human studies.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 57(5), С. 2314 - 2332

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The mechanism(s) of action of antioxidants: From scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species to redox signaling and the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites

Medicinal Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 39(6), С. 2505 - 2533

Опубликована: Май 10, 2019

Abstract Small molecule, dietary antioxidants exert a remarkably broad range of bioactivities, and many these can be explained by the influence on redox homeostasis. Such compounds help to modulate levels harmful reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, therefore participate in regulation various signaling pathways. However, upon ingestion, usually undergo extensive metabolism that generate wide bioactive metabolites. This makes it difficult, but otherwise need, identify ones responsible for different activities antioxidants. By better understanding their ways action, use therapy improved. review provides summary role vivo metabolic changes oxidized metabolites mechanisms behind bioactivity A special attention is given described as products biomimetic oxidative chemical reactions, which considered models free radical scavenging. During such reactions variety are formed, they completely specific bioactivities compared parent implies exploring scavenging‐related metabolite fingerprint each antioxidant collectively defined here scavengome, will lead deeper compounds. Furthermore, this paper aims working tool systematic studies fingerprints antioxidants, certainly reveal an often‐neglected segment space treasury

Язык: Английский

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Role of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in ROS-Mediated Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(10), С. 2374 - 2374

Опубликована: Май 14, 2019

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease that affects millions of people worldwide and the main reason for legal blindness vision loss in elderly developed countries. Although cause AMD pathogenesis not known, oxidative stress-related damage to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) considered an early event induction. However, precise such induction stress, including related effects occurring RPE onset progression AMD, are well understood. Many results point mitochondria as source elevated levels reactive oxygen species (ROS) AMD. This ROS increase can be associated with aging induced by other risk factors correlated mitochondrial DNA. Therefore, DNA (mtDNA) essential element pathogenesis. supported many studies show greater susceptibility mtDNA than nuclear DNA-damaging agents reaction (mtDDR) important prevention slowing down its ROS-targeting therapy. we know far less about counterparts. Further research should measure order compare it nucleus, current methods have serious disadvantages.

Язык: Английский

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Overview of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Plant Compounds and Their Metal Ions Complexes

Molecules, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(16), С. 4886 - 4886

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2021

Numerous plant compounds and their metal-ion complexes exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, other beneficial effects. This review highlights the different bioactivities of flavonoids, chromones, coumarins metal-ions due to structural characteristics. In addition insight into most studied antioxidative properties these compounds, first part provides a comprehensive overview exogenous endogenous sources reactive oxygen nitrogen species, oxidative stress-mediated damages lipids proteins, on protective roles antioxidant defense systems, including plant-derived antioxidants. Additionally, covers anti-inflammatory antimicrobial activities which support its application in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetology.

Язык: Английский

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