Niosomal Bupropion: Exploring Therapeutic Frontiers through Behavioral Profiling

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3), С. 366 - 366

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Bupropion (Bup) belongs to the norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) class and it is only FDA-approved drug of its for treatment major depressive disorder (MDD), sold under name Wellbutrin. Although bupropion effective in suppressing symptoms, regular use overdose might lead seizures liver failure. Thus, we aimed nanoformulate onto a niosomal vesicle improve efficacy achieve same therapeutic effect at lower scheduled doses. A thin film hydration method was adopted synthesize optimize Bup entrapped niosomes using three different surfactants sorbitan ester series (Span 20, 40, 60) combination with cholesterol. The optimization data determined that niosome formulated cholesterol-to-surfactant ratio 1:1.5 most stable system, containing Span 20 (Bup@N20C) exhibiting minimal vitro vivo toxicity, demonstrating sustained release artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Bup@N20C formulation showed increased exploration activity reduced irregular movements reserpine-induced depression adult zebrafish model, suggesting potential mood improvement through suppression depression-like behavior which established by statistical analysis trajectory data. Bup@N20C-treated group even surpasses positive control comparable group. Hence, can be inferred formulations represent promising delivery system capable achieving brain cargo bypassing blood–brain barrier facilitated their small architectural structure.

Язык: Английский

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Affective neuroscience theory and attitudes towards artificial intelligence

AI & Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024

Abstract Artificial intelligence represents a key technology being inbuilt into evermore products. Research investigating attitudes towards artificial surprisingly is still scarce, although it becomes apparent that will shape societies around the globe. To better understand individual differences in intelligence, present study investigated n = 351 participants associations between Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) and Attitudes Intelligence framework (ATAI). It could be observed particular higher levels of SADNESS were associated with negative AI (fearing AI). The findings are discussed this work from an evolutionary perspective because primary emotional systems—according to Theory—represent tools for survival, which have been homologously conserved across mammalian species including homo sapiens.

Язык: Английский

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Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the PHQ-2 and GAD-2: a comparison with long-format measures for depression and anxiety

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

Background Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent often comorbid mental disorders that encompassed within the broad category of emotional disorders. The frequent comorbidity anxiety can pose challenges for accurate diagnosis treatment which, in turn, highlights need reliable measurements simultaneously responsive to change prevent non-response bias. Brief measures potentially increase response rates due their brevity ease administration. This study evaluates psychometric characteristics, discriminative accuracy, sensitivity Generalized Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) a clinical population. Method sample comprised treatment-seeking participants ( n = 3,411), screened 2,477) receive an internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention (cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, or waitlist). Results effectively detect individuals who may be eligible anxiety, not only prior but also during following completion psychological treatment. ability GAD-2 was significantly greater active at post-assessment compared with pre-treatment screening, although no such differences were found PHQ-2. Finally, endorsing most severe option on PHQ-2 associated high probability presenting clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Conclusion viable instruments screen monitor Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT05016843.

Язык: Английский

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Depression in adolescence and young adulthood: the difficulty to integrate motivational/emotional systems

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Depression is presented as a multi-factorial bio-psycho-social expression that has evolved primarily an effect of stressors related to the motivational/emotional systems regulate BrainMind in our relationship with conspecifics. These may be caused by two sources threat, firstly, loss bonding caregiver and later partner and/or group which relates SEPARATION (PANIC/GRIEF) system, secondly, social defeat competition dominance. The sexual maturity drives individual dominance, even if latter often occurs before maturity, e.g., chickens, dogs, non-human primates, humans. evolutionarily conserved mechanism mammals terminate both separation anxiety, so protect vulnerable brain from consequences prolonged stress when predictable. Adolescence Young adulthood are particularly susceptible these types threat because human developmental characteristics summarized term neoteny. This refers slowing down growth development, resulting period dependence on caring/protective adult persistence juvenile throughout life. Therefore, neoteny makes transition childhood more dramatic, making integration system dynamics dominance stressful source depression. Stress HPA-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis articulates other systems, mainly autonomic nervous immune-inflammatory system. believed one most significant components depressive processes, connected prodromes its activation childhood, under pressure environmental relational can lead learned helplessness. recurrence it easier for activated life, could make contribution establishment disease. possible children's identification processes their parents' personalities through observational learning considered.

Язык: Английский

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Echoes of exile: social media’s influence on emotions and governmental attitudes toward Afghan refugee expulsion

Journal of Information Technology & Politics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the roots of depression – it’s complicated

Neuropsychoanalysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 171 - 174

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

ABSTRACTThe present work comments on Watt's Target Article, which argues that focusing separation distress, a relevant construct from Pankseppian affective neuroscience theory, might help to shed new light depression. This represents an important research avenue, because recent shows the difficulties in understanding depression, devastating state of mind with millions around globe being afflicted. Several key points are summarized and reflected on.KEYWORDS: DepressionPankseppaffective neuroscienceseparation distresspanic Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest was reported by author(s).Notes1 Please note Jaak Panksepp coined brain system activated distress his early career as PANIC system, later changed SADNESS or PANIC/GRIEF nomenclature.2 studies investigating primary emotional systems traits, depressed patients still were characterized tremendously higher than healthy controls (Montag et al., Citation2022) shifts SEEKING/SADNESS develop very differently when comparing their course Insofar, we believe low SEEKING / high constellations be highly understand at least earlier manifestations depression.3 also other associations such lower PLAY, FEAR depressive tendencies could observed this work.4 https://psycnet.apa.org/search/basic (stats 10th August 2023).

Язык: Английский

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The separation distress hypothesis: The ultimate theory of depression?

Neuropsychoanalysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 161 - 164

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

ABSTRACTIn his latest treatise on the separation distress hypothesis, Watt makes a compelling case that depression ultimately stems from an adaptive response to problems in social world. Despite our agreement with many of Watt's claims, we argue here hypothesis only tells us part story. Finding little reason favour model over other socially-oriented theories depression, advocate instead for integrative approach theoretical psychiatry can fruitfully incorporate insights arising each these evolutionary views, including own.KEYWORDS: Separation hypothesis; evolution; depression; active inference Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest was reported by author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work supported Wellcome Centre Human Neuroimaging: [Grant Number 205103/Z/16/Z]; and Canada-UK Artificial Intelligence Initiative ES/T01279X/1].

Язык: Английский

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Adding a layer of playfulness?

Neuropsychoanalysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 175 - 176

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

"Adding a layer of playfulness?." Neuropsychoanalysis, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest was reported by the author(s).

Язык: Английский

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Commentary on Douglas Watt's “The separation distress hypothesis of depression - update and systematic review” with some additional thoughts on rumination and object loss

Neuropsychoanalysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 165 - 168

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

Click to increase image sizeClick decrease size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Язык: Английский

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Commentary on “The separation distress hypothesis of depression – an update and systematic review”

Neuropsychoanalysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 169 - 170

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

"Commentary on "The separation distress hypothesis of depression – an update and systematic review"." Neuropsychoanalysis, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest was reported by the author(s).

Язык: Английский

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