Alterations in the respiratory tract microbiome in COVID-19: current observations and potential significance

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19 disease, which can result in consequences ranging from undetectable to fatal, focusing attention on the modulators of outcomes. The respiratory tract microbiome is thought modulate outcomes infections such as influenza well acute lung injury, raising question what degree does airway influence COVID-19? Here, we review results 56 studies examining and microbiome, summarize main generalizations, point useful avenues for further research. Although vary among studies, a few consistent findings stand out. diversity bacterial communities oropharynx typically declined with increasing disease severity. relative abundance Haemophilus Neisseria also Multiple measures tracked systemic immune responses COVID For many conclusions drawn these direction causality unknown—did an alteration increased severity, did severity alter or was some third factor primary driver, medication use. Follow-up mechanistic help answer questions.

Язык: Английский

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Preparation and potential applications of alginate oligosaccharides

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(29), С. 10130 - 10147

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2022

Alginate, a linear polymer consisting of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic (G) with 1,4-glycosidic linkages comprising 40% the dry weight algae, possesses various applications in food nutraceutical industries. However, potential alginate are restricted some fields because its low water solubility high solution viscosity. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) on other hand, have molecular which result better solubility. Hence, it becomes more popular target to be researched recent years for use foods nutraceuticals. AOS can obtained by multiple degradation methods, including enzymatic degradation, from or alginate-derived poly G M. unique bioactivity bring human health benefits, render them potentials developed/incorporated into functional food. This review comprehensively covers methods preparation analysis AOS, discussed

Язык: Английский

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FADS1-arachidonic acid axis enhances arachidonic acid metabolism by altering intestinal microecology in colorectal cancer

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Abstract Colonocyte metabolism shapes the microbiome. Metabolites are main mediators of information exchange between intestine and microbial communities. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unexplored. In this study, we show that AA feeding promotes tumor growth AOM/DSS intestinal specific Apc −/− mice via modulating microecology increased gram-negative bacteria. Delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), a rate-limiting enzyme, upregulated CRC effectively mediates synthesis. Functionally, FADS1 regulates high microenvironment-induced enriched microbes. Elimination microbe abolishes effect. Mechanistically, microbes activate TLR4/MYD88 pathway cells contributes FADS1-AA axis to metabolize prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Cumulatively, report potential cancer-promoting mechanism converts raising synthesized PGE2 gram-negative.

Язык: Английский

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A Matched Comparative Analysis of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission Between Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy

Surgical Innovation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(2), С. 148 - 156

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Objective Multiple scores validate long-term type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). However, studies comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have not adequately controlled for certain parameters, which may influence procedure selection. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective review of patients with T2DM who underwent RYGB or SG between 2008 2017. Data on demographics, clinical, laboratory, values were collected annually up to 14 years. Each eligible patient was individually matched an based severity, weight loss, follow-up duration. Results Among 1149 patients, 467 matching. found 97 pairs SG. showed significantly higher rates (46.4%) compared (33.0%) had insulin usage (35.1%) than (20.6%). also experienced greater decreases in HbA1c levels medication patients. Conclusions demonstrates efficacy SG, regardless baseline characteristics, Further are needed understand the effects MBS underlying pathophysiology MBS.

Язык: Английский

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Preoperative duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A single center long-term cohort study

International Journal of Surgery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 110(10), С. 6214 - 6221

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has demonstrated excellent glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission for patients with obesity T2DM. Duration of T2DM is a consistent negative predictor after RYGB. However, the exact timing to offer surgical intervention during course disease not well elucidated.

Язык: Английский

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