SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 602(7897), С. 481 - 486

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Multiple spillovers from humans and onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Significance The results provide strong evidence of extensive SARS-CoV-2 infection white-tailed deer, a free-living wild animal species with widespread distribution across North, Central, and South America. analysis shows deer resulted from multiple spillovers humans, followed by efficient deer-to-deer transmission. discovery indicates their establishment as potential reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, finding important implications the ecology, long-term persistence, evolution virus, including spillback to humans.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, can infect a wide range mammals. Since its spread in humans, secondary host jumps SARS-CoV-2 from humans to multiple domestic and wild populations mammals have been documented. Understanding extent adaptation these animal hosts is critical for assessing threat that spillback animal-adapted into poses. We compare genomic landscapes isolated species profiling mutational biases indicative potentially different selective pressures animals. focus on viral genomes mink ( Neovison vison ) white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus which independent outbreaks driven by onward animal-to-animal transmission reported. identify five candidate mutations animal-specific (NSP9_G37E, Spike_F486L, Spike_N501T, Spike_Y453F, ORF3a_L219V), one (NSP3a_L1035F), though they appear confer minimal advantage human-to-human transmission. No considerable changes mutation rate or evolutionary trajectory has resulted circulation thus far. Our findings suggest was required following human-to-animal spillover, highlighting ‘generalist’ nature as mammalian pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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From Deer-to-Deer: SARS-CoV-2 is efficiently transmitted and presents broad tissue tropism and replication sites in white-tailed deer

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(3), С. e1010197 - e1010197

Опубликована: Март 21, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans, has a broad host range, and is able to infect domestic wild animal species. Notably, white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus ), most widely distributed cervid species Americas, were shown be highly susceptible SARS-CoV-2 challenge studies reported natural infection/exposure rates approaching 30–40% free-ranging WTD U.S. Thus, understanding infection transmission dynamics critical prevent future zoonotic at human-WTD interface during hunting or venison farming, for implementation effective control measures. Here, we demonstrated that following intranasal inoculation with B.1 lineage, fawns (~8-month-old) shed infectious virus up day 5 post-inoculation (pi), high viral loads nasal oral secretions. This resulted efficient deer-to-deer on 3 pi. Consistent lack shedding after pi, no was observed contact animals added days 6 9 We have also investigated tropism sites replication adult (3–4 years age). Infectious detected pi secretions, from various respiratory-, lymphoid-, central nervous system tissues, indicating tissue multiple replication. The study provides important insights WTD, potential become reservoir field.

Язык: Английский

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Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(1), С. e1010161 - e1010161

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

The global response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now facing new challenges such as vaccine inequity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs). Preclinical models disease, in particular animal models, are essential investigate VOC pathogenesis, correlates protection postexposure therapies. Here, we provide an update from World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 modeling expert group (WHO-COM) assembled by WHO, regarding advances preclinical models. In particular, discuss how model research playing a key role evaluate virulence, transmission immune escape, being refined recapitulate demographic variables comorbidities age.

Язык: Английский

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White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) may serve as a wildlife reservoir for nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

The spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to white-tailed deer (WTD) and its ability transmit raised concerns about the role WTD in epidemiology ecology virus. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study assessing prevalence, genetic diversity, evolution SARS-CoV-2 State New York (NY). A total 5,462 retropharyngeal lymph node samples collected free-ranging hunter-harvested during hunting seasons 2020 (Season 1, September December 2020, n = 2,700) 2021 2, 2021, 2,762) were tested by real-time RT–PCR (rRT-PCR). RNA was detected 17 (0.6%) Season 1 583 (21.1%) 2. Hotspots infection identified multiple confined geographic areas NY. Sequence analysis genomes 164 demonstrated presence lineages cocirculation three major variants concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, Delta) WTD. Our suggests occurrence events (human deer) Alpha Delta with subsequent deer-to-deer transmission adaptation viruses. Detection Gamma long after their broad circulation NY that may serve as wildlife reservoir for VOCs no longer circulating humans. Thus, implementation continuous surveillance programs monitor dynamics is warranted, measures minimize virus between animals are urgently needed.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) poses unique public health risk due the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples across Washington, D.C. 26 states in United States November 2021 April 2022. obtained 391 sequences identified 34 Pango lineages including Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these viruses originated at least 109 independent spillovers humans, which resulted 39 cases subsequent local deer-to-deer three spillover back humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted recurring amino acid substitutions spike other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple were introduced, became enzootic, co-circulated deer.

Язык: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Язык: Английский

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Natural and Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Domestic and Wild Animals

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(10), С. 1993 - 1993

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to spread with devastating effects on global health and socioeconomics. The susceptibility of domestic wild animal species infection a critical facet ecology, since reverse zoonotic spillover events resulting in outbreaks populations could result establishment new virus reservoirs. Adaptive mutations also complicate mitigation strategies combat SARS-CoV-2. In addition, susceptible are essential as standardized preclinical models development efficacy testing vaccines therapeutics. this review, we summarize current findings regarding different experimental provide detailed descriptions clinical disease transmissibility these animals. outline documented natural infections animals that have occurred at human–animal interface. A comprehensive understanding crucial inform public health, veterinary, agricultural systems, guide environmental policies.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission for conservation and public health

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(6), С. 1534 - 1549

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to increased concern over transmission of pathogens from humans animals, and its potential threaten conservation public health. To assess this threat, we reviewed published evidence human-to-wildlife events, with a focus on how such events could animal human We identified 97 verified examples, involving wide range pathogens; however, reported hosts were mostly non-human primates or large, long-lived captive animals. Relatively few documented examples resulted in morbidity mortality, very maintenance pathogen new reservoir subsequent "secondary spillover" back into humans. discuss limitations the literature surrounding these phenomena, including strong sampling bias towards human-proximate mammals possibility systematic against reporting parasites wildlife, both which limit our ability risk transmission. outline researchers can collect experimental observational that will expand capacity for assessment

Язык: Английский

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