Out Of The Quagmire Of Plant Defense Hypotheses

The Quarterly Review of Biology, Год журнала: 2003, Номер 78(1), С. 23 - 55

Опубликована: Март 1, 2003

Several hypotheses, mainly Optimal Defense (OD), Carbon:Nutrient Balance (CNB), Growth Rate (GR), and Growth‐Differentiation (GDB), have individually served as frameworks for investigating the patterns of plant defense against herbivores, in particular pattern constitutive defense. The predictions tests these hypotheses been problematic a variety reasons led to considerable confusion about state "theory defense." primary contribution OD hypothesis is that it has main framework investigation genotypic expression defense, with emphasis on allocation cost CNB how resources affect phenotypic often studies concerned GR explains intrinsic growth rate plants shaped evolutionarily by resource availability affects defensive patterns. expanded GDB recognizes constant physiological tradeoff between differentiation at cellular tissue levels relative selective pressures availability, including explicitly taking into account tolerance damage enemies. A clearer understanding what we learned from investigations use them can facilitate development well‐designed experiments address gaps our knowledge

Язык: Английский

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Climate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects

BioScience, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 60(8), С. 602 - 613

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2010

Climatic changes are predicted to significantly affect the frequency and severity of disturbances that shape forest ecosystems. We provide a synthesis climate change effects on native bark beetles, important mortality agents conifers in western North America. Because differences temperature-dependent life-history strategies, including cold-induced developmental timing, responses warming will differ among within beetle species. The success populations also be influenced indirectly by community associates host-tree vigor, although little information is available quantify these relationships. used population models forecasts explore two eruptive Based projected warming, increases thermal regimes conducive for Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) ponderosae Hopkins, there considerable spatial temporal variability. These predictions from suggest movement temperature suitability higher latitudes elevations identify regions with high potential outbreaks associated tree coming century.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms Linking Drought, Hydraulics, Carbon Metabolism, and Vegetation Mortality

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 155(3), С. 1051 - 1059

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2011

Events of regional-scale vegetation mortality appear to be increasing in a variety biomes throughout the Earth and are frequently associated with increased temperatures, droughts, often (but not always) outbreaks biotic agents such as insects pathogens (for review, see [Allen et

Язык: Английский

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The ecology of seeds

Choice Reviews Online, Год журнала: 2005, Номер 43(04), С. 43 - 2197

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2005

What determines the number and size of seeds produced by a plant? How often should it reproduce them? plant produce Why how are dispersed, what implications for diversity composition vegetation? These just some questions tackled in this wide-ranging review role ecology plants. The authors bring together information on ecological aspects seed biology, starting with consideration reproductive strategies plants progressing through life cycle, covering maturation, dispersal, storage soil, dormancy, germination, seedling establishment, regeneration field. text encompasses wide range concepts general relevance to ecology, reflecting central that study has played elucidating many fundamental community function.

Язык: Английский

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The role of polyphenols in terrestrial ecosystem nutrient cycling

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2000, Номер 15(6), С. 238 - 243

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2000

Язык: Английский

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The Ecology of Seeds

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2005

What determines the number and size of seeds produced by a plant? How often should it reproduce them? plant produce Why how are dispersed, what implications for diversity composition vegetation? These just some questions tackled in this wide-ranging review role ecology plants. The authors bring together information on ecological aspects seed biology, starting with consideration reproductive strategies plants progressing through life cycle, covering maturation, dispersal, storage soil, dormancy, germination, seedling establishment, regeneration field. text encompasses wide range concepts general relevance to ecology, reflecting central that study has played elucidating many fundamental community function.

Язык: Английский

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Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2006, Номер 4(3), С. 147 - 157

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2006

Язык: Английский

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A Functional Group Approach to the Structure of Algal-Dominated Communities

Oikos, Год журнала: 1994, Номер 69(3), С. 476 - 476

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 1994

We suggest that relatively few species attributes are of overriding importance to the structure benthic marine algal communities and these often shared among taxonomically distant species. Data from western North Atlantic, eastern Pacific Caribbean patterns in biomass, diversity dominance strikingly convergent when examined at a functional group level relative productivity herbivore-induced disturbance potentials environment. present simple graphical model provides way predict community composition based on two environmental axes. This predictability stems groups having characteristic rates mass-specific productivity, thallus longevity canopy height cause them «behave» similar ways (...)

Язык: Английский

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Plant phenolics: Recent advances on their biosynthesis, genetics, and ecophysiology

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 72, С. 1 - 20

Опубликована: Май 28, 2013

Язык: Английский

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Plant trait responses to grazing – a global synthesis

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2006, Номер 13(2), С. 313 - 341

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2006

Abstract Herbivory by domestic and wild ungulates is a major driver of global vegetation dynamics. However, grazing not considered in dynamic models, or more generally studies the effects environmental change on ecosystems at regional to scale. An obstacle this lack empirical tests several hypotheses linking plant traits with grazing. We, therefore, set out test whether some widely recognized trait responses are consistent level. We conducted meta‐analysis grazing, based 197 from all regions world, using six conceptual models response as framework. Data were available for seven traits: life history, canopy height, habit, architecture, growth form (forb, graminoid, herbaceous legume, woody), palatability, geographic origin. Covariates precipitation evolutionary history herbivory. Overall, favoured annual over perennial plants, short plants tall prostrate erect stoloniferous rosette architecture tussock architecture. There was no effect form. Some patterns modified particular combinations Climatic historical contexts therefore essential understanding Our study identifies key be incorporated into functional classifications explicit consideration used research. Importantly, our results suggest that type rules need specific different climate herbivory history.

Язык: Английский

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